核酸适配体生物传感器基础研究中若干重要问题的化学计量学应用

When compared to traditional biosensors based on antibodies, biosenors based on nucleic acid aptamers have recently attracted considerable interest due to many advantages, and have already become a hot topic in bioanalysis. However, basic studies of aptasensors still face several important challenges: for example, some molecules often produce cross-reactivity in the established aptasensors, most developed aptasensors are not applicable to detection in complex real samples due to bad anti-interference ability, aptasensors with high performance still need to be further developed, how immobilization of aptamers to nanomaterials in constructing nanomaterial-based aptasensors, and intrinsic binding mechanism between aptamers and their targets. To solve the key scientific problems mentioned above, the project will aim at carrying out various experimental means mainly including spectral analysis, kinetic analysis and electroanalysis to construct one-component or multicomponent aptasensors which can be applicable to detection in complex real samples by use of chemometrics methods, and establishing new methods to investigate immobilization of aptamers to nanomaterials and intrinsic binding mechanism between aptamers and their target molecules. It is believed that application of chemometrics methods will become a new highlight in basic studies of aptasensors, and the work will simultaneously prompt the leap-forward development of chemometrics.

与传统抗体生物传感器相比，核酸适配体生物传感器因其诸多优点近来引起了分析化学家极大的关注，已成为生化分析的热点话题。然而在核酸适配体传感器的基础研究领域仍然面临着一些重要的挑战，例如：一些分子常常会对所构建的传感器产生交互作用；绝大多数开发出的传感器在复杂实际样品中抗干扰能力差；性能优良的多组分传感器还有待进一步开发；在利用纳米探针构建传感器的过程中如何将适配体固定在纳米材料上；适配体与靶分子的内在结合机理等。围绕以上关键科学问题，本项目旨在结合化学计量学方法，以光谱分析、动力学分析和电化学分析为主要实验手段，研发能在复杂实际样品中应用的单组份或多组分核酸适配体生物传感器，建立研究核酸适配体在纳米材料上的固定过程和靶分子与核酸适配体之间内在结合机理的新方法。相信化学计量学的应用将会成为核酸适配体传感器基础研究领域中的一个新亮点，同时这些工作也将推动化学计量学自身的跨越式发展。

经过三年的努力，按照研究计划，本项目利用各种分析技术结合化学计量学解决核酸适配体传感器基础研究中的一些难题，从而为构建鲁棒的核酸适配体传感器奠定基础。在Analytical Chemistry、Chemistry-A European Journal、ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering、Biosensors and Bioelectronics.等刊物上发表SCI论文18篇，其中第一作者或通讯作者发表SCI论文10篇，且发表的论文中有多篇论文被大量他引；撰写科学专著一章；申请国家发明专利4项，授权国家发明专利1项；参加学术交流多次；合作培养已毕业的博士研究生2名，硕士研究生7名。