个体自我认知偏差与创新二元悖论：家长式领导的破解机理

Individual ambidextrous innovation is the fundamental condition for organizational ambidexterity. The self-cognitive bias and the struggling for innovation resources make it hard to break through the bottleneck of exploration-exploitation dilemma. The effective interactions between paternalistic leadership and individual’s self-cognitive provide new opportunities to research the mechanism of ambidextrous innovation, especially from the aspect of psychological distance. This study takes self-cognitive bias as the start point and illuminates an in-depth relationship between self-cognitive bias and individual ambidextrous innovation performance to explore the mechanism of ambidextrous innovation through the reshaping of paternalistic leadership patterns. First of all, the existence of self-cognitive bias of social network in different stages is tested by scenario experiments to confirm the main presenting forms. Secondly, the project investigates the relationship between self-cognitive bias of social network and individual ambidextrous innovation performances, and proposes a mediated moderation model. It examines the moderating role of paternalistic leadership on the relationship between self-cognitive bias of social network and individual ambidextrous innovation performance, and psychological distance moderate the mediating effect of paternalistic leadership. This project conducts a systemic empirical analysis in the impact of paternalistic leadership on individual ambidextrous innovation based on cognitive perspective. Finally, the ambidextrous behavioral characteristics of paternalistic leadership are refined by longitudinal case study, while, a new interpretation of ambidextrous paternalistic leadership is examined. This project enriches the theory of ambidextrous innovation and meshes with previous theoretical and empirical research. Specifically, this discussion can be used for reference by paternalistic leadership to make breakthrough and gain competitive advantage of ambidextrous innovation.

个体双元创新是实现组织双元性的基本条件，自我认知偏差和资源争夺却使个体难以突破二元悖论的瓶颈；借助本土的家长式领导行为在心理距离层面与个体展开有效互动能够为破解二元创新悖论提供独特的分析思路。本项目以个体自我认知偏差为研究起点，以突破个体二元创新悖论为研究目标，以个体自我认知偏差对创新行为的影响过程为研究线索，系统诠释破解创新困境的家长式领导作用机理。首先，借助情景实验分析创新活动中个体自我认知偏差的存在形式；其次，通过实证研究探索个体自我认知偏差与双元创新绩效之间的作用规律，对创新不同阶段中个体心理距离的中介效应以及家长式领导的被中介的调节作用进行检验，揭示家长式领导对二元创新悖论的突破机理；最后，采用纵向案例研究提炼家长式领导的双元性行为特征，对家长式领导行为模式重新加以诠释。本研究将完善和发展相关领域的研究成果，为提高家长式领导效能、推动个体双元创新提供理论支持和实践指导。

探索式创新与开发式创新的双元平衡是实现组织持续创新的重要战略手段，领导行为是影响双元创新的重要因素。领导行为与个体自我认知的深层互动能够推动实现双元创新的有效资源统筹。本课题从企业家认知特征、风险偏好、领导行为等角度切入，对创新二元性的实现路径和内在作用机理进行了深刻阐述，具体研究设计分别从企业家（领导者）和团队成员（被领导者）两个层面展开，得到了一系列重要成果。针对企业家的研究涉及以下三个方面：首先，从家长式领导行为切入，对情感网络中个体情绪资源整合为团队情绪管理能力的路径及策略进行探讨；借助风险偏好和网络嵌入性指标，从微观认知层面对企业家的“主我”认知与“宾我”认知之间的博弈过程及其与双元创新行为的关联机理展开探究。其次，关注企业家的网络嵌入行为以及网络惯例对个体的过度自信特质的影响，网络环境下企业家的双元创新不仅需要借助风险偏好来获得市场机会的独特感知，还需要深度挖掘社会资本的强大潜能以获得关键的创新资源。再次，对企业家在持续创业不同阶段中表现出的创业学习行为、网络能力和工匠精神进行梳理，提炼转型背景下工匠精神的时代内涵，挖掘变量间的内在关联并构建理论框架。针对团队成员（被领导者）的研究涉及以下两个方面：首先，从社会网络的视角，对社会网络中个体的中心性特征、积极拖延行为及其与创新绩效的关系进行全新阐释，证实团队成员咨询网络程度中心性、情感网络程度中心性以及情感网络中介中心性等结构特征在积极拖延与个体创新绩效的关系中起到倒U型调节作用。其次，对过度自信、个体的社会网络中心性认知及其与个体创新绩效的关系进行深入研究，提出过度自信作为个体认知偏差的主要表现形式，在团队创新活动中有可能成为制约个体创新绩效提升的瓶颈。本项目从认知层面重新界定二元领导的行为模式，借助跨学科的研究视角为深化双元性研究范式提供实证支持，为提高双元创新绩效提供了经验参考。