金属纳米线阵列及石墨烯复合体系的酶生物传感器研究

The application of nanomaterials on the enzyme biosensor not only have greatly improved characteristic of biosensor, but boraden the applied scope of biosensor. However, there also exists a good many difficulties in the aspects of the deactivity, poor stability, slower electron transfer rate and short life. It is a key research direction to develope the simple and high-efficiency preparation technology and to integrate the advantages of different nanomaterials and get the composite nano-materials with cooperative effect.In this project, the enzyme biosensor will be developed combined with graphene and metal nanowire arrays.The influnce between metal nanowire arrays and graphene will be studied and the novel composite nanomaterials will be prepared by analying and studing the effect law. And try to explore the special roles of composite nanomaterials in enzyme biosensor and get their acting mechanism. The effects of construction condition and construction way of enzyme electrode on enzyme immobilized efficiency,enzyme immobilized amount, electrocatalysis and stability will be systematic studied.The research provide theoretical guiding role and experimental foundation for exploring the preparation of composite nanomatreials and developing highly enzyme biosensor. The research also provide a sample, rapid, accurate analysis method for biological medicine and clinical detection.

纳米材料在酶生物传感器中的应用，不仅大大提升了酶生物传感器的性能，还拓宽了酶生物传感器的适用范围。但是易失活、稳定性差、电子传递速率慢、寿命短等阻碍酶生物传感器发展的问题仍然存在。发展简捷高效纳米材料制备技术，集成不同纳米材料的优点开发具有协同效应的复合材料是酶生物传感器发展的一个重要方向。本项目将金属纳米线阵列与石墨烯结合构建酶生物传感器。通过分析研究金属纳米线阵列和石墨烯之间的相互影响规律，制备出新型的金属纳米线阵列-石墨烯复合材料。探索复合纳米材料在酶生物传感器中的作用机制，获得规律性认识。并系统研究金属纳米线阵列-石墨烯复合材料修饰的酶电极的构建条件、构建方式等对酶电极的固定化效率、固载量、电催化作用及稳定性等的影响。该研究对于探索复合纳米材料的制备，发展新型的酶生物传感器提供了理论指导和实验基础，并为生物研究和临床检验提供一种简单、快速和准确的方法。

本项目将纳米加工技术与电化学方法相结合，完善纳米模板的制备工艺，获得制备金属纳米线阵列的最佳工艺条件。制得的纳米线直径统一，排列有序，长度可由循环周次可控。该制备方法简单，无需溅射工艺，整个流程时间短，合成条件在常态下就可以进行，因此成本低廉。研制和开发了基于纳米材料的高灵敏度、高选择性和实时在线检测的新型电化学传感器，将制备的电化学传感器分别对葡萄糖、H2O2、NO2-、碱基及酚类等进行检测，可在低电位下具有较高的灵敏度、较低的检测下限以及快的响应速度，并能很好的应用于实际样品的检测；基于金属及合金纳米线阵列开发了两种高性能醇类燃料电池阳极催化剂，分别研究了钯镍合金（Pd-Ni）纳米线电极及nano-Pt/Pd 纳米线电极对乙醇的电催化活性，结果表明，与Pd纳米线相比，两种合金纳米线对乙醇具有更好的催化活性，展示了两种复合纳米线电催化性能的协同作用；开发了一种简单、快速、绿色及普适性较强的电氧化法，实现从廉价石墨纸制备块状三维石墨烯，初步实现具有高性能的块状三维石墨烯的大面积制备，并系统研究了所制备的三维石墨烯电化学性能，以其为阳极组装了微生物燃料（MFCs）电池，具有非常好的功率输出、较低的电池内阻及良好的稳定性。以其为为阳极的MFCs电池的平均库伦效率约为2.8%，远远高于GP-MFC 的~1.1%。证明了三维石墨烯阳极MFC具有更高的能量转换效率。