非傍轴自加速光束及其在超分辨显微成像中的应用研究

This proposal introduces nonparaxial self-accelerating beams, which have non-diffracting, self-healing, and self-bending properties, into the super resolution imaging technique, which breaks the diffraction limit. On the one hand, the non-diffracting and self-healing features of the beams enlarge the penetration depth of the illumination. On the other hand, the strong self-bending property of the nonparaxial self-accelerating beams provides a unique opportunity to form a novel point spread function to extend the imaging depth of the microscope. The proposed theoretical and experimental researches include: (1) Develop novel nonparaxial self-accelerating beams that are suitable for super solution imaging purposes, including self-bending light sheets, 0-order and higher order self-bending Bessel beams, self-bending propelling beams, and three-dimensional bottle beams; (2) Study the optical vector properties (polarization variation, etc.) and light quality dynamic manipulation method (intensity distribution along the trajectory and loss compensation, etc.) of the developed self-accelerating beams during the propagation through non-homogenous, anisotropic, and strong random scattering media; (3) Investigate the properties of the point spread functions formed by different self-bending beams, and develop the corresponding methodology and algorithm for extracting the depth information from the obtained optical images; (4) Construct the super resolution imaging experimental system based on different self-accelerating non-diffracting beams, realize the excitation and three-dimensional super resolved imaging schemes for thick specimens, and analyze the pros and cons of different excitation and point spread function engineering methods.

本项目将具有无衍射、自修复和自弯曲特性的非傍轴自加速光束与突破衍射极限的超分辨光学显微成像相结合。一方面利用光束的无衍射和自修复特性增大对样品的照明穿透深度，另一方面利用光束的自弯曲特性对显微镜的点扩散函数进行调制提高成像的景深。拟开展的理论和实验工作主要包括：（1）研究开发适用于超分辨显微成像的新型非傍轴自加速光束，包括自弯曲的片光、零阶和高阶贝塞尔光束、旋转光束、以及三维瓶子光束等；（2）研究各种光束在折射率非均匀、各向异性和随机散射介质中的矢量光学演化特性和光束质量的动态调控方法，包括偏振退化、旁瓣抑制和沿弯曲轨迹上的结构光场设计和损耗补偿等；（3）研究基于不同自弯曲光束的点扩散函数调制方法，并开发相应的对样品深度信息进行提取的方法和算法；（4）搭建基于不同自加速无衍射光束的超分辨显微成像实验系统，实现对厚实验样品的照明和三维成像，并分析对比各种照明方式和点扩散函数调制的方法优缺点。

非傍轴自加速光束具有无衍射、自修复和自弯曲等特性，在光学显微、光学微操纵等领域具有广泛应用前景。本项目将非傍轴自加速光束应用于光学显微成像和光学微操纵，探索了此类光束的传输特性及其潜在应用。研究了适用于光学显微成像的新型非傍轴自加速无衍射光束的生成方法及传输特性，通过理论模拟和实验对其进行了验证；提出了光束在折射率不均匀、各向异性的随机散射介质后的调控方法，成功将其应用于光学显微成像和光学微操纵；利用轴平面成像方法，研究了自弯曲光束的力学特性，实现了此类光束对微粒的操纵及其过程的实时观测；搭建了一套基于轴平面的单分子定位超分辨显微成像系统，实现了对生物样品的超分辨成像，系统分辨率可达80 nm；提出了一种螺旋式超构材料结构设计方法，实现了自加速无衍射波束的产生和调控。. 项目执行期间，在Nature Communications, Optics Express, Physical Review A, Journal of Optics等期刊共发表SCI收录学术论文11篇。参加4次国际学术会议和1次国内学术会议并分别做邀请、口头及张贴报告，发表会议文章5篇(EI收录4篇)。授权发明专利1项，培养博士毕业生2名，临近博士毕业1名，1名博士研究生获国家项目资助美国普渡大学进行交流培养。