旅游型海岛居民社会特质演变及驱动力机制研究——以长山群岛为例

In the marine economy industries, the oceanic tourism, such as coastal tourism, offshore tourism and island tourism, taken up marine economy gross income over 30%. The direction of human development will be from the land to the ocean in the future. The island is just like a "land bridge" that human beings are having exploited the ocean, so island tourism plays an important role in the development of marine tourism in the process. In the regional system of relatively closed island, nature and human society environment of island and islanders’ quality have been changed after tourism activities involved in. Some inherent qualities diminish or disappear, and some new traits appear on the islanders. We have not known whether this change is expected by the tourist island residents, whether it is conducive to the sustainable development of island tourism, what do the role of islanders play in the tourism island system, and how to control the island tourism healthy development. The project takes the Changshan Islands as a case, and based on island residents, with the land change, population change and cultural change three aspects, researchers investigate deeply and collect relevant data since it had owned data record which has been more than 30 years, after tourism activities getting involved in. Regulate and increase and develop the positive effects on society. Control and reduce and avoid the negative impact on society. Then it will be fed back driving mechanism to islanders. Input positive energy, for the sake of promoting good qualities and increasing social positive influence. In order to managing islanders leading of tourist island management and development, the report realizes people foremost and harmonizes between island and human beings, and guarantee residents of the island's largest and most long-term benefits. And it will provide theoretical support for sustainable development to islanders leading island tourism study.

陆地走向海洋是人类今后发展的方向，海岛是人类进军海洋的“陆海桥”，在发展海洋旅游的进程中扮演重要角色。在海岛这个相对封闭的地域系统中，旅游活动介入后，海岛的自然与人文社会环境均发生变化，岛民特质也相应发生变化，有些固有的特质减弱或消失，有些新的特质在岛民身上出现。这种变化是否被旅游型海岛居民所期待，是否利于海岛旅游可持续发展，岛民在旅游型海岛地域系统中处于何种角色，如何调控使海岛旅游健康发展。本项目以长山群岛为例，研究对象锁定旅游型海岛居民，旅游活动介入至今30余年间，从土地、人口及文化变迁三方面深入研究海岛居民的特质演变、驱动机制及社会影响。对社会正面影响进行调控、增加和发扬，对社会负面影响进行调控、减少和避免，再反馈到驱动机制，为岛民输入正能量促使其优秀特质形成，社会正面影响增加。从而保证岛民最大的、最长远的利益，实现旅游型海岛健康可持续发展。

旅游在海洋发展进程中扮演重要角色，旅游活动介入后，海岛自然与人文社会环境均发生变化，岛民特质也相应发生变化，针对以上变化，本项目以长山群岛为例，以旅游活动为切入点，从土地、人口及文化变迁三方面深入研究海岛居民的特质演变、驱动机制及社会影响。首先以人地关系理论为基础，收集多期遥感影像数据，分析海岛旅游业发展所引起的土地演变，并将其作为追踪调查当地居民社会特质演变过程的切入点。其次，通过15次对长山群岛全方面实地考察、调研、走访，分析旅游活动发展对岛民、游客地方感影响，探索人口特质演变的驱动机制。最后从旅游者和岛民两个角度探寻旅游型海岛文化保护与传承路径。本项目成果可分为：①关注旅游型海岛的土地演变，综合运用GIS技术对辽宁沿海经济带海域集约利用情况、长兴岛围填海景观格局演变及存量等开展评价研究，以其作为追踪调查当地居民社会特质演变过程的切入点。②关注旅游型海岛人口特质演变，探究其驱动机制及社会影响。以长山群岛为例，研究旅游型海岛居民的地方感、时空间行为、生活环境满意度及迁居意愿、人口迁移演变特征及影响因素、旅游者对海岛人口活力的影响、旅游型海岛社会-生态系统脆弱性特征及影响机制等，以期寻找旅游发展与岛民相协调的路径，实现“人岛和谐”。③以海王九岛与石城岛为例，基于旅游凝视理论研究海岛文化保护与传承。④多角度以长山群岛为例对海岛旅游开展研究，研究内容包括海岛旅游与海洋渔业的融合与绩效、海岛游客重游意愿影响因素、海岛旅游意象、海岛旅游目的地形象感知、海岛游客满意度影响因素评价，以期明晰海岛旅游发展现状，为旅游活动介入下海岛居民的相关研究提供基础。⑤梳理全球海洋海岛国家公园特征和国家公园自然与文化结合表现，以期为创建长山群岛智慧型海洋海岛国家公园提供参考，同时为我国海洋海岛国家公园体系的建构提供科学依据。