海岛与腹地城市的陆岛旅游一体化测度与实证研究——以大连市及周边海岛为例

There is a trend that the rapid progress of tourism in China's coastal cities has expanded to the ocean, and the recent popularity of island tourism have accounted for this. On the coastal cities and coastal islands, that we call it Coastal City-Island regional system, spatial agglomeration and diffusion of tourism industry is ongoing or upcoming. Based on the discipline theories of Tourism geography, Economic geography and Technology economics, we analyze the driving mechanisms & influencing factors of Coastal City-Island Tourism Integration and define its concept, contents, characteristics & measure methods scientifically, and form Coastal City-Island Tourism Integration theory system. Besides, the measurement is an important part of the whole process, it is a quantitative expression of spatial agglomeration and diffusion of tourism industry. Therefore, measurement models and train of thought are the most important in this study, which includes two aspects of strength and progress. The new indicators in our subject are strength index, progress index, composite index of tourism and centralization index of tourism professional,etc; the theories and methods refer to System dynamics, Location entropy theory and Input-output theory. At last, we choose Dalian and its three surrounding islands as models to do measurement and case study. Above all, the Coastal City-Island Tourism Integration is the inevitable phenomenon of tourism economy in Coastal City-Island regional system, and the measurement and empirical study will provide scientific methods and theoretical basis for mastering the process and characteristics. The Coastal City-Island Tourism Integration system will help strengthen the industrial interaction between land and sea, and also promote the tourism cooperation between coastal cities and coastal islands.

我国沿海城市突飞猛进的旅游业已呈现出向海洋扩展的趋势，近年的海岛旅游热足以说明。在沿海城市和沿岸岛屿这一陆岛地域系统，旅游产业的空间集聚与扩散正在发生和即将发生。结合旅游地理学、经济地理学和技术经济学学科理论，针对陆岛旅游一体化现象，分析其驱动机制和影响因素，科学界定陆岛旅游一体化的概念、内涵、特点和测度方法，形成陆岛旅游一体化理论体系。测度是体系的重要部分，是旅游产业空间集聚与扩散的定量表达，包括强度和进度两方面，其模型和思路是本项研究的重中之重。涉及到的新指标有：强度指数、进度指数、旅游综合指数和旅游专业集中化指数等；涉及到的理论和方法有：系统动力学（SD）、区位熵理论和投入产出理论等。选取大连市和周边3个海岛，应用模型进行测度和案例研究。陆岛旅游一体化是旅游经济在陆岛地域系统即将出现的必然现象，其测度与实证研究为掌握这一进程的过程和特点提供科学方法和理论依据。

21世纪是海洋世纪，科学技术的迅猛发展已经使人类进入到全面开发利用海洋的时代，陆海统筹发展经济已经上升为国家海洋策略。我国沿海城市突飞猛进的旅游业已呈现出向海洋扩展的趋势，近年的海岛旅游热足以说明。在沿海城市和沿岸岛屿这一陆岛地域系统中，旅游产业的空间集聚与扩散正在发生和即将发生。结合旅游地理学、经济地理学和技术经济学学科理论，针对陆岛旅游一体化现象，分析其驱动机制和影响因素，科学界定陆岛旅游一体化的概念、内涵、特点和测度方法，形成陆岛旅游一体化理论体系。测度是体系的重要部分，是旅游产业空间集聚与扩散的定量表达，包括强度和进度两方面，其模型和思路是本项研究的重中之重。陆岛旅游一体化是以“陆海统筹”战略思想为指导，是海陆一体化思想在陆岛旅游产业中的具体体现。本项目在研究过程中，不仅对我国的海洋海岛旅游发展情况进行分析和研究，同时也对国外的一些著名海洋海岛旅游目的地也进行深入研究。结合提出“陆岛旅游一体化”思想，通过一系列的历史经验的总结、实证和定量分析，促进“陆海统筹”，实现海陆旅游可持续发展。本项目成果有：①以庄河海王九岛为例，测算出“陆岛旅游一体化”总体发展态势，为旅游型海岛的陆岛旅游一体化发展提供参考依据；②以辽宁省14市与长山群岛为例，分析腹地省份（或城市）与旅游型海岛间的旅游空间互动机制，为我国旅游海岛的开发与规划提供借鉴；③整理分析美国海峡群岛国家公园的发展历程和后期的生态修复与管理，以此为我国海洋海岛经济发展提供借鉴；④探究韩国济州岛的旅游的吸引力影响因素，为我国提升海岛旅游吸引力，开发温带海岛旅游提供参考。