Bladder cancer is a urinary system malignancy with the highest incidence and mortality. The transcription factor E2F3 is an essential driver for bladder cancer pathogenesis, the underlying mechanism of which remains largely elusive. In the pilot study, we observed E2F3 gene amplification and abundant expression in invasive bladder cancer; E2F3 upregulated the immunosuppressive ligand, PD-L1, and activates Stat3 via interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R). By reviewing recent literatures in this area, we propose that E2F3 transcriptionally activates PD-L1 and IL-6R in bladder cancer cells, whereas IL-6R further upregulates PD-L1 via activating the Jak2/Stat3 pathway, leading to immune escape of malignant cells. In addition, the IL-6/Jak2/Stat3 signaling promotes invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer through transcriptionally activating Twist, a key transcription factor involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The present study is designed to probe the detailed mechanisms underlying E2F3-driven bladder cancer pathogenesis by employing mice bearing highly invasive bladder cancer, cultured cells and clinical specimens, which holds out promise to provide potential targets for clinical treatment of bladder cancer.
膀胱癌是我国发病率和死亡率最高的泌尿系肿瘤,转录因子E2F3是膀胱癌发生发展的重要驱动分子,但具体分子机制并不清楚。我们前期研究发现,E2F3在浸润性膀胱癌中存在基因扩增和高表达,E2F3能够上调免疫抑制分子PD-L1,并可能通过白介素6受体(IL-6R)促进Stat3活化。结合文献报道,我们提出,膀胱癌中E2F3直接转录激活PD-L1和IL-6R,后者通过活化Jak2/Stat3通路,进一步上调PD-L1,促进肿瘤的免疫逃逸;同时,IL-6/Jak2/Stat3还通过上调介导上皮-间质转化的转录因子Twist促进膀胱癌浸润转移。本项目通过建立高转移膀胱癌动物模型,以及应用培养细胞和临床标本,深入揭示E2F3驱动膀胱癌进展的机制,并可望为膀胱癌的治疗提供新的有效靶点。
逃避免疫系统攻击是肿瘤恶性进展的重要条件,E2F3a是转录因子E2F3的重要亚基,与肿瘤的增殖、转移及凋亡抵抗等恶性表型密切相关,然而其是否参与肿瘤的免疫逃逸,目前尚不清楚。本研究中,我们利用膀胱癌石蜡组织、新鲜组织以及公共数据库等分析E2F3a的表达,结果显示:E2F3a在膀胱癌组织中的表达较癌旁组织显著升高。细胞水平,我们构建了人及小鼠E2F3a稳定过表达的膀胱癌细胞系,并利用体内及体外实验证实:膀胱癌细胞过表达E2F3a可通过上调PD-L1表达抑制CD8+ T细胞的活化及杀伤。进一步在膀胱癌组织及细胞系中发现:E2F3a与PD-L1蛋白的表达呈显著正相关,但与PD-L1 mRNA的表达无显著相关性。利用环己酰亚胺追踪实验证实:干涉膀胱癌细胞E2F3a表达后,PD-L1蛋白的降解速度显著增强,同时伴随PD-L1的泛素化水平增强。利用内质网相关降解(ERAD)抑制剂MG132及Eerl能够显著抑制E2F3a干涉所导致PD-L1蛋白降解增强。机制方面,利用RNA-seq,CHIP实验及荧光素酶报告基因等方法揭示E2F3a 过表达能够诱导TXNDC5蛋白的表达,利用PLA,免疫共沉淀等方法证实E2F3a 诱导表达的TXNDC5能够结合PD-L1并抑制PD-L1通过ERAD途径降解。我们的研究首次揭示了E2F3a 过表达具有促进膀胱细胞免疫逃逸的作用,并揭示了膀胱癌免疫逃逸的新机制,为膀胱的免疫治疗提供了新的潜在靶点。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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