基于个体发育与DNA条形码的发网菌目黏菌代表类群系统发育研究

Slime molds belong to Protista, and they are unique life history with multiple nuclear plasmoidium stage. At present, a number of research frontiers in robotics and biological computer have indicated that plasmoidium of slime molds have the ability of information processing. So Slime molds that had been researched as value and development potential cteature can not be replaced by other creatures. And this kind of research depends on the plasmoidium of slime molds which can be obtained in the quantity and quality. Recently fourteen species of Stemonitales which were studied on life cycle were reported in the world (107 species of Myxogastria in the world reported about ontogeny, including 14 species of Stemonitales), while only two species had reported in China. So it is necessary to carry out collection system and ontogeny of Myxogastia in China. At the same time, today there are controversial issues in genera and species of Stemonitales classification. Therefore in our project extensive collection of slime mold resources will carry out on the basis of the source investigation and moist chamber culture. And we focused on studying about the data of life cycle of slime molds. Based on morphological identification, ontogeny research and DNA barcoding data, phylogenetic relationships of genera and species of Stemonitales will be systematically explained and explored. On these bases, the more natural taxonomic system of Stemonitales will be explored for the systematics research and accumulation of basic data of slime molds.

黏菌隶属于原生动物界，生活史中具有独特的多核原生质团阶段。近来，机器人、生物计算机等前沿领域中开展的多项研究已表明黏菌营养体具有令人惊奇的信息处理能力，有着其它生物材料难以代替的研究价值和开发潜力，而此类研究的开展首先依赖于可获得黏菌营养体的数量与质量。目前，我国已报道的黏菌个体发育研究仅有14种，发网菌目黏菌仅有2种，相对于国际报道（完成黏菌个体发育研究107种，其中发网菌目14种）偏少，开展黏菌的系统收集与个体发育研究十分必要；同时，发网菌目黏菌现有属种间的分类界限仍存有较大争议，因此，本项目拟在资源调查采集的基础上，结合湿室培养的方法广泛收集国内发网菌目黏菌资源，着重增补发网菌目黏菌生活史数据，同时结合形态学鉴定、个体发育研究与DNA条形码数据信息，对发网菌目的分类做出新的评价，进而探讨该目黏菌的系统发育关系，探索完善更趋近自然的发网菌目黏菌分类系统，为黏菌的系统学研究。

本项目完成7个国家级保护区和26个景区的黏菌的资源调查，同时对我国30个国家级和省级的森林公园的发网菌科黏菌标本进行调查，同时也在实验室内通过黏菌的湿室培养收集一些子实体相对较小的罕见类群，共收集发网菌科黏菌标本851份。通过形态学鉴定，共鉴定该科16个属，其中新种2个，新记录种14个，大陆新记录种1个，新记录变种1个。分子序列的扩增主要选择了mtSSU、COI 引物序列作为研究的主要基因片段，共获得序列88条，依据所获得的基因片段构建该科的系统发育树，讨论了该科内不同属间的系统发育关系。完成了弧线颈环菌Collaria arcyrionema、美发网菌Stemonitis splendens、香蒲拟发网菌Stemonitopsis typhina、褐发网菌Stemonitis fusca和灰绒泡菌Phytharum cinereum 5个黏菌代表类群的生活史，填补我国部分类群黏菌生活史研究空白，讨论了发网菌科黏菌同属内不同物种之间的个体发育关系，也比较了该科内不同属之间个体发育的不同。综合发网菌目黏菌形态学研究、代表类群生活史研究和DNA条形码数据信息，分析完善发网菌目属及种的系统发育关系。.同时，课题组对河南省三门峡市棚栽香菇的黏菌病害进行调查研究，通过调查取样，经过鉴定研究发现长发丝菌Stemonaria longa和褐发网菌Stemonitis fusca是主要的病原菌；课题组在实验室内研究其发生发展的过程，并且提出了解决方案和预防办法。.