频繁冲击负荷下动态无线供电系统高效率保持方法研究

Dynamic wireless power supply (DWPS) system has inherent merits of flexibility, reliability and safety, which can solve the problems of short driving range, frequent charging and sliding contact of the transportation electrification such as rail transportations and electric vehicles. At present, it has become a hot research topic worldwide. During the DWPS process, due to rapid dynamic changes in power demand and operational behaviors of rail transportations and electric vehicles, the load appears as frequent shocks which are random, intensive and non-linear. This brings great challenges to keep a high operation efficiency of the DWPS system. This project will establish a complete “DWPS and the shock load” model. This model aims at analyzing the complicated characteristics of the shock load. Based on this model, the mechanisms of how the shock load affects the DWPS operation efficiency will be revealed, in terms of impulse current, harmonic current, impedance characteristic, and frequent disturbance. On this basis, the high-efficiency maintenance methods such as suppressing impulse current, filtering harmonic current, wide-range impedance matching and resonance frequency stabilization will be studied. The proposed theoretical methods will be verified by the 40kW DWPS experimental prototype built in our group. Overall, this research can play important roles in enhancing basic theories, enriching key technologies and developing practical applications of the DWPS system.

动态无线供电系统具有供电灵活、可靠以及安全等优势，能解决轨道交通、电动汽车等电气化交通存在的续航里程短、频繁充电、滑动接触等问题，目前已成为国内外备受关注的研究热点。由于动态供电过程中，轨道交通和电动汽车的运行工况和功率动态变化，负荷呈现为具有随机、强冲击以及非线性等特性的频繁冲击负荷，对动态无线供电系统的运行效率带来了极大挑战。本项目通过建立“动态无线供电系统—频繁冲击负荷”联合模型，分析频繁冲击负荷的复杂负荷特性，并从负荷阻抗特性、频繁扰动及其产生的冲击电流、谐波电流等方面，揭示频繁冲击负荷对动态无线供电系统效率的影响机理。在此基础上，从抑制冲击电流、滤除谐波电流、宽范围的阻抗匹配以及稳定谐振频率等角度，研究动态无线供电系统的高效率保持方法，并在已有的40kW动态无线供电实验平台上进行实验验证。项目的研究对于丰富和完善动态无线供电系统的基础理论、关键技术以及应用研究都有重要的意义。

电气化交通车辆在动态移动过程中运行工况和功率需求动态变化，频繁冲击负荷对动态无线供电系统的平稳与高效运行带来重大挑战。为此，项目从动态无线供电系统与频繁冲击负荷动态耦合的角度出发，揭示动态无线供电系统运行效率下降问题的产生机理与影响因素，从而提出抑制频繁冲击负荷影响的动态无线供电系统高效率稳定运行方法。.主要研究内容及成果包括：①建立了频繁冲击负荷模型，研究了电气化交通工具复杂负荷特性，并分析功率扰动变化情况下负荷的阻抗变化规律；②建立了“动态无线供电系统—频繁冲击负荷”联合数学/仿真模型，揭示了频繁冲击负荷对于动态无线供电系统的效率影响机理；③提出了基于混合阻抗匹配、可变电感控制、变流器混合调制等的动态无线供电系统高效率保持方法，通过控制系统拓扑结构与谐振补偿参数，实现了系统输出功率调节、阻抗匹配、软开关以及最小无功功率，有效解决了车辆在动态供电过程中的效率下降问题，保障了动态无线供电系统在频繁冲击负荷下的系统输出平稳性。