基于临界电子激发能研究硝胺炸药纳米化降感机理

The sensitivities of nitramine explosives can be cut down effectively by grinding the particles to be nano-sized, however, the mechanism and the science-related issues of reducing sensitivity by cutting down the particles to be nano-sized are still unclear. In this project, we aim at the thermal-decomposition critical excitation energy of nitramine explosive particle groups, develop a new concept called "critical electronic excitation energy" (CEEE, when a certain sized nitramine explosive particle begins to decompose and deform, the accepted electron energy of that particle is named CEEE) on the basis of the phenomenon that the thermal decomposition and deformation will happen if nitramine explosive particles affected by electron energy and the CEEE value will change with the particle size, and research the mechanism for reducing sensitivity of nitramine explosives by nanocrystallization based on CEEE. We will study on the CEEE difference caused by small size effect and surface effect of nano-sized nitramzaiine explosive particles, investigate the relationship between CEEE value and particle size, and master the average CEEE values of nitramine explosive particle groups. Based on CEEE, we will reveal the change mechanism of thermal decomposition course after the nitramine explosive particles are ground to be nano-sized, and then state the mechanism for reducing sensitivity of nitramine explosive particles by nanocrystallization so as to provide a theoretical support for practical application of nano-sized nitramine explosives. The research result can also provide theoretical method and technical support for studies on the thermal-decomposition critical excitation energy and change mechanism of properties of other energetic particle groups.

硝胺炸药纳米化后能降低其感度，但纳米化后降感的机理及相关科学问题至今尚未被彻底揭示。本项目立足硝胺炸药颗粒群热分解临界激发能量，借助颗粒在受到电子能激发后会发生热分解变形，且所需临界电子激发能（即特定尺寸硝胺炸药颗粒在电子束激发下开始发生热分解变形时所需要的能量）随尺寸变化发生变化这一实验现象，提出基于临界电子激发能研究硝胺炸药纳米化降感机理。通过研究硝胺炸药纳米化后由小尺寸效应和表面效应导致的热分解临界电子激发能的差异，以及颗粒临界电子激发能随尺寸的变化规律，掌握硝胺炸药颗粒群的平均临界电子激发能，揭示硝胺炸药纳米化后热分解历程变化的机理，进而从热起爆角度阐述硝胺炸药纳米化降感机理，为具有降感特性纳米硝胺炸药的大规模实际应用提供理论支持，并且可为其它含能颗粒群的热分解临界激发能量和性能变化机理研究提供理论方法与技术支持。

硝胺炸药纳米化后能降低其感度，但纳米化后降感的机理及相关科学问题至今尚未被彻底揭示。本项目立足硝胺炸药颗粒群热分解临界激发能量，借助颗粒在受到电子能激发后会发生热分解变形，且所需临界电子激发能（即特定尺寸硝胺炸药颗粒在电子束激发下开始发生热分解变形时所需要的能量）随尺寸变化发生变化这一实验现象，提出基于临界电子激发能研究硝胺炸药纳米化降感机理。制备得到了不同粒度级别的硝胺炸药（RDX、HMX、CL-20）样品，研究并掌握了硝胺炸药颗粒临界电子能的计算方法，揭示了硝胺炸药颗粒临界电子激发能随尺寸的变化规律，以及颗粒群的平均临界电子激发能随粒度的变化规律，进而从热起爆角度阐述了硝胺炸药纳米化后由小尺寸效应和表面效应所带来的降低感度效应的机理，可为微纳米尺度硝胺炸药的高性能应用提供理论指导，也可为其它含能颗粒群的热分解临界激发能量和性能变化机理研究提供理论方法与技术支持。