世界拟遁蛛属系统发育与分子系统地理学研究（蜘蛛目：巨蟹蛛科）

Pseudopoda spiders, limitedly distributed, highly diverse, frequently co-distributed, represent a group of large, abundant species that play an important role on the evolution and biogeography. In world, the Pseudopoda had previously received little systematic attention. The monophyly of Pseudopoda including the species composition of the genus, the phylogenetic relationships of its various lineages, and the exact placement of Pseudopoda within Sparassidae have been three recalcitrant problems in sparassidae systematics. Meanwhile, the evolution and phylogeography of this genus remain poorly understood. In this proposed three-part project, we shall carry out a systematic taxonomy research on world pseudopoda from the morphology level and DNA level based on the pseudopoda specimens accumulated over the years in our lab and from the field collections in the future. (1) we will present the classical morphological taxonomy research on world pseudopoda; (2) we will amplify and sequence six gene fragments including three mitochondrial: the large-subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA, hereafter 16S), the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (12S rRNA, hereafter 12S), and the protein-coding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI); and three nuclear: the protein-coding histone H3 (H3), the large-subunit ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA, hereafter 28S), and the nearly complete small-subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA, hereafter 18S), we will combine sequence data from six genes dataset in a total-evidence phylogenetic analysis, and explore the phylogenetic signal of the combined dataset, individual genes, and gene combinations with different parsimony methods and model-based approaches; (3) we will use the phylogenetic and population genetic approaches to investigate the phylogeographic structure of the world Pseudopoda. The results from this study will not only enhance our understanding of the origin, evolution, phylogeography and phylogenetic relationships of world Peudopoda, but also shed lights on the scientific issues of world Sparassidae such as the issue of subfamily classification systems of this family.

巨蟹蛛科拟遁蛛属是一个广泛分布在高原地带的东亚及东南亚特有属，因其物种多样性高，物种分布范围狭窄，同域物种分布现象广泛，是巨蟹蛛科中一类在进化和生态上具有十分重要地位和特殊意义的蜘蛛。现有的记录与实际存在的物种数相差甚远，有关该属的分子系统发育和分子地理学的研究甚少。本项目拟在湖北大学蜘蛛目课题组多年积累的拟遁蛛属标本基础上，展开系统的野外调查，从形态和分子两个水平上对世界拟遁蛛属进行系统的分类学研究。项目共分三部分：1，利用形态学手段世界范围内修订该属，完善其分组；2，构建世界拟遁蛛属分子系统树，验证或修订上述形态分组，讨论该属各物种之间的演化关系；3，应用分子系统发育和种群遗传学原理和方法，探测拟遁蛛属的进化历史、起源和分化中心，重点探讨拟遁蛛属同域物种分布机制，揭示不同因素在形成现有地理格局中的作用和贡献，从而为最大限度地保护世界拟遁蛛属的遗传多样性提供对策和依据。

巨蟹蛛科拟遁蛛属是一个广泛分布在高原地带的东亚及东南亚特有属，因其物种多样性高，物种分布范围狭窄，同域物种分布现象广泛，是巨蟹蛛科中一类在进化和生态上具有十分重要地位和特殊意义的蜘蛛。本项目在广泛收集世界拟遁蛛标本的基础上，从形态和分子两个水平上对世界拟遁蛛属进行系统的分类学研究。主要进展包括以下四部分：1，完成世界拟遁蛛属200余种的显微拍摄及描述，包括100余个新种，5个单性补充，1个错误修订；2，构建世界拟遁蛛属分子系统发育树，验证该属的单系性，建立3个新组（大理拟遁蛛组、居间拟遁蛛组、标记拟遁蛛组）；3，完成中国拟遁蛛属DNA条形码研究，结果显示：结合线粒体COI和核基因ITS2两个片段的物种鉴定结果优于单独的线粒体COI，同时某些基于物种树的分析方法（如GMYC，bPTP）比一些基于距离的分析方法（如条形码间隔，PID，ABGD）、形态学鉴定方法等高估物种数量；4，分子系统地理学结果显示世界拟遁蛛属起源于喜马拉雅地区，存在典型的空中环岛现象，现存的分布格局既有地质事件的影响，如红河断裂带等，也有全球气候变化的影响，尤其是新近纪气候对其扩散产生了巨大影响。本研究结果不仅为世界拟遁蛛属的分类提供了重要补充，同时也揭示不同因素在形成现有世界拟遁蛛地理格局中的作用和贡献，从而为最大限度地保护世界拟遁蛛属的遗传多样性提供对策和依据。