农业废弃物生物炭可控制备及其对土壤有机污染的强化修复——以典型除草剂阿特拉津为例

Based on the following two aspects, functionalized biochar is proposed to improve the remediation capacity of soil contaminated by atrazine: on one hand, functionalized biochar has physical and chemical properties such as special functional groups and surface electrical behavior; on the other hand, functionalized biochar is expected to improve the adsorption, catalytic hydrolysis behavior and degradation activity of indigenous microorganisms in the soil. Therefore, this project is implemented to reveal the correlation between functionalized biochar and degradation behavior of atrazine in the soil. Typical agricultural biomass waste is to be designed, and the reasonable surface modification and optimization of biochar is applied by some functional methods to prepare products with high added-value, in order to realize of the concept based on "waste control by waste". Through analyzing the correlation between the functionalized biochar and the adsorption and catalytic hydrolysis behavior of atrazine, the synergistic effect and enhanced remediation mechanisms between functionalized biochar and indigenous microorganisms, it is hoped that the comprehensive effect and mechanism between the functionalized biochar and degradation behavior of atrazine in the soil and the enhanced remediation mechanisms will be discovered and elucidated, which can provide scientific basis for developing practical application of biochar to renovate soil pollution with organic pesticides and improve the security of ecological environment.

本项目基于以下两点认识，提出利用功能化生物炭对土壤中阿特拉津污染进行强化修复：第一，基于农业废弃物制备的功能化生物炭具有特殊的官能团及表面电性等；第二，功能化生物炭有利于改善生物炭对阿特拉津的吸附性能、催化水解行为及土壤中土著微生物的降解活性。因此，本项目针对功能化生物炭与土壤中阿特拉津降解行为的相关性展开研究，以典型农业废弃生物质为原料，应用功能化方法进行合理的表面修饰和优化，制备高附加值产物，实现“以废治废”的理念；通过分析功能化生物炭与阿特拉津吸附和催化水解行为的关系、功能化生物炭与土著微生物之间存在的协同效应和增强修复机制等，揭示功能化生物炭对土壤中阿特拉津降解行为的综合影响规律和作用机理，阐释存在的强化修复机制，为应用生物炭技术修复土壤中有机农药污染和改善生态环境安全提供科学依据。

本项目利用新型熔融盐辅助高温热解法制备一系列具有特殊结构的功能型生物炭，评估了所制备生物炭的环境效应及潜在的生物毒性，研究了其对土壤中典型除草剂阿特拉津的吸附固定效果，阐释了功能型生物炭对阿特拉津污染土壤修复过程中相关界面行为的综合影响规律和作用机理，揭示了存在的协同效应和强化修复机制。取得的成果主要体现在：研发了新型熔融盐辅助高温热解法同步炭化-功能化制备功能型生物炭的方法，并探明杂原子掺杂法对于生物炭的物理结构和表面化学性质的影响机制；阐释了功能型生物炭影响阿特拉津在土壤中的吸附解吸行为的规律及其作用机制；揭示了功能型生物炭高效去除黑土中典型有机污染物的关键界面过程的调控作用与机制。项目深入系统地揭示了功能型生物炭对土壤中阿特拉津污染的强化修复机制，该成果对应用生物炭技术修复土壤中有机农药污染和改善生态环境提供理论基础；项目已经发表SCI论11文篇，申报国家发明专利7项，培养博/硕士研究生14人。同时，项目研究功能型生物炭对土壤中阿特拉津迁移行为、催化降解作用和土壤微生物降解阿特拉津的影响规律，分析可能存在的协同效应和强化修复机制，从而揭示功能型生物炭对不同目标农田土壤中典型有机污染物的吸附-锁定、强化降解、激活土壤自修复能力等调控原理，对于评价功能型生物炭应用于农田土壤修复领域的潜力和探索生物质新型还田方式具有重要的参考价值。