分层介质中浅埋爆炸的相似规律研究

Research on the similarity law of shallow explosion in the stratified medium is essential for optimally designing weapon warhead, improving weapon damage performance on airports, docks, roads and other national defense & civilian facilities, assessing the protection ability of the important military target, and enhancing industrial blasting performance in the industrial production in both theoretical and practical aspects. By the means of field test, research on the relationship of explosion equivalent of the target damage degree and the explosive type, equivalent weight, depth etc. is not only costly, but also under large disturbance and discreteness.This project aims to research the similarity law of the shallow explosion in the stratified medium, nondimensionalize the experimental control parameters (explosive source, geotechnical media and external force character), and obtain the conversion factors of the geometric similarity, kinematic similarity and dynamic similarity. This study would develop a similar model material satisfying the similarity law in mechanical length, time and similar parameter value of mass proportion, and also conduct shallow explosion simulation tests in different equivalent and buried depth by the improved vacuum vessel testing apparatus, in which way to get the coupling relationship of the explosion equivalent, depth, medium property and other control parameters.

分层介质中浅埋爆炸相似规律的研究对钻地武器战斗部的优化设计，提高武器对机场、码头、道路等国防和民用设施毁伤效能，评估重要目标防护能力，以及提高工业爆破效能等课题的研究均有重要的理论意义和应用价值。通过现场试验的方式研究浅埋爆炸下工程毁伤程度与炸药类型、当量、埋深等的关系不仅成本高，而且现场扰动大、离散性大。本项目拟多层介质中浅埋爆炸相似模拟试验支配参数的相似关系，将试验的支配参数（爆炸源、岩土体和外部力量的特性）无量纲化，获取试验支配参数的几何、运动、动力相似的换算系数。研制出力学性质上满足长度、时间、质量相似比例参数值的可适用于浅埋爆炸的分层介质相似材料。并在改进的真空室浅埋爆炸试验装置中，开展不同当量和埋深的分层介质中浅埋爆炸相似模拟试验，研究该类型爆炸的爆炸当量、埋深与介质性质及其他支配参数的耦合关系。

分层介质中浅埋爆炸相似规律的研究对XXXXXX的优化设计，提高XX对XX、XX、XX等XX和民用设施毁伤效能，评估重要目标防护能力，以及提高工业爆破效能等课题的研究均有重要的理论意义和应用价值。课题组调研了分层介质中浅埋爆炸的现象，根据爆炸效果将浅埋爆炸分为飞散爆炸和疏松爆炸两种形式研究；采用刚塑性模型描述介质的动力学行为，结合不可压缩条件和质量守恒条件及边界条件，构造塑性区的动力学许可速度场；利用极限平衡原理推得动力学许可速度场所对应的介质抗力的无量纲表达式；根据初始条件和边界条件，求解运动方程，分别得到飞散爆炸和疏散爆炸的临界埋深；分析了分层介质中浅埋爆炸相似模拟试验支配参数的相似比尺关系，得到了试验支配参数的几何、运动、动力相似的换算系数；设计并制作了多层介质中浅埋爆炸相似试验系统，研制了分层介质中浅埋爆炸试验用相似材料；通过数值模拟对关键试验参数进行了分析，得到了分层介质中浅埋爆炸的基本规律。进行了多层介质浅埋爆炸的相似模型试验，得到了分层介质浅埋爆炸过程中应力场、成坑半径、深度、体积等关键数据及相互之间的关系。