知识服务机构联结多样化与制造企业服务创新绩效关系研究：双元搜索的视角

Local manufacturing firms seriously suffer from the lack of service innovation resource as well as innovation capability. Considering service intermediaries produce abundant service innovation related knowledge, and sit at the intersection of many firms, organizations and industries, manufacturing firms are argued to build ties with service intermediaries for the searching of innovative knowledge, which is especially true in transferring economy where market competitive and uncertainty is strong while local firms are resource limited. However, although the extant literature has emphasized the important role of manufacturing firms’ external ties with service intermediaries in present research, few studies answer how tie diversity with service intermediaries influence the service innovation performance of manufacturing firms..Because ties with service intermediaries may contribute to manufacturing firms’ service innovation by broadening their external search scope and reducing their search cost, we would expect that tie diversity will influence manufacturing firms’ ambidextrous innovation search, which will in turn affect the service innovation performance of manufacturing firms. Based upon this argument, we will examine how and under what conditions manufacturing firms’ ties diversity with service intermediaries are related to their service innovation performance. Furthermore, we will examine the mediation mechanism of ambidextrous innovation search between the tie diversity with service intermediaries and service innovation performance. Then, adopting dynamic perspective, the co-evolution of tie diversity with service intermediaries and ambidextrous innovation search will be examined..The research findings can not only enrich the theory of service innovation, inter-organizational relationship, innovation research and organizational ambidexterity, but also can contribute to a better understanding of how manufacturing firms use their external ties with service intermediaries for ambidextrous innovation search for the purpose of obtaining service innovation related knowledge. Overall, this study can provide managerial insights about how and when manufacturing firms can benefit from their diversity ties with service intermediaries in pursuing of service innovation.

在制造与服务愈加融合、生产型制造向服务型制造转变的背景下，制造企业如何借助知识服务机构来更新创新资源能力提升服务创新绩效，是理论与实践共同关注的议题。本课题研究知识服务机构联结多样化如何影响制造企业双元搜索，进而作用于其服务创新绩效的机理。研究将整合服务创新、组织间关系、创新搜索和组织双元观等理论，运用多案例研究、大样本调查、统计分析和纵向案例跟踪等方法，揭示知识服务机构联结多样化对制造企业服务创新绩效的权变影响机制，探究双元搜索在知识服务机构联结多样化与制造企业服务创新绩效间的中介作用机制，并动态展示知识服务机构联结多样化与制造企业双元搜索的演进规律，最后构建起“知识服务机构联结多样化-双元搜索-制造企业服务创新绩效”的理论逻辑。本课题研究成果不但为制造企业提升服务创新的能力与绩效提供新的途径，也为整合和发展服务创新、组织间关系、创新搜索和组织双元观等理论提供思路。

服务创新已继产品创新之后成为制造企业增长的新引擎。在制造与服务愈加融合、生产型制造向服务型制造转变的背景下，制造企业如何借助知识服务机构来更新创新资源能力提升服务创新绩效，成为理论与实践共同关注的议题。本课题研究知识服务机构联结多样化如何影响制造企业双元搜索，进而作用于其服务创新绩效的机理，研究包括：知识服务机构联结多样化与制造企业服务创新绩效；技术-市场双元搜索与制造企业服务创新的关系；知识服务机构联结与制造企业双元服务创新绩效；知识服务机构联结多样化与制造企业双元搜索的动态演进，初步构建了基于知识服务机构联结多样化与双元搜索的制造企业服务创新战略理论体系。子研究一表明：联结伙伴多样化对制造企业服务创新绩效具有倒U效应；联结地域多样化对制造企业服务创新绩效存在正向线性效应，但没有曲线效应。子研究二表明：技术双元搜索正向促进服务创新，但市场双元搜索对服务创新没有促进作用；技术宽度-市场深度双元搜索、市场宽度-技术深度双元搜索均正向促进服务创新。子研究三表明：知识服务机构联结正向促进制造企业双元服务创新；技术能力对知识服务机构联结与双元服务创新间关系的调节效应呈倒U型；资源柔性、协调柔性正向调节知识服务机构联结与双元服务创新的关系。子研究四表明：从“产品主导服务创新”向“产品-服务融合创新”不断攀升，制造企业经历三个服务创新阶段，在该过程中，对服务创新相关知识内容及知识新颖性程度的需求发生相应改变，这要求制造企业调整搜索内容与搜索行为，表现为从单一知识双元搜索转变为跨领域知识双元搜索，从强调深度搜索或广度搜索，到广度与深度双元搜索，这一改变趋势进而要求知识服务机构联结方向与联结多样化程度发生改变，表现为从以技术服务联结为主到增加专业服务联结，且联结伙伴多样性与联结地域多样性将持续提升，以适应双元搜索需求。本研究搭建起“知识服务机构联结多样化、双元搜索与制造企业服务创新绩效”的研究框架，探讨双元搜索在知识服务机构联结多样化与制造企业服务创新绩效之间的中介机制，创造性地在服务创新理论、组织间关系理论、创新搜索理论与组织双元观之间建立起内部联系，并推进上述相关理论的整合研究。