鱼类越冬生态行为学机制及生态流量推求研究

In the temperate or high latitudes region, low temperature in winter have immediate effected ectothermic animals like fishes for their growth, metabolism and survival, and hence influenced on their population size and stability. However, the pertinent literature of our country was emphasis on protection measures in aquaculture, while the research on the behavioral ecology and the areas of fish overwintering was lacking. In the proposed study, the Huaihe river basin was selected as the study area. By the overwintering area investigating and physiology experiment of fish, the physiological indicators was adapted to explain the selection for fish overwintering and the ecological flow was calculation based on Ecological hydrological mechanism for fish overwintering. The main contents are as follows: (1) determination of the physiological threshold for low temperature (2) the effect of winter habitats on the selection of fish overwintering areas (3) Ecological flow assessment based on physiological requirement. It is expected to develop a way to ecological flow assessment for fish overwintering on the basis of fish physiology and complete the theories and methods of the eco-hydrographs.

在温带或高纬度地区，冬季低温环境会直接影响鱼类等变温动物的生长、代谢及存活率，进而影响其种群数量及稳定。目前，我国相关研究主要针对水产养殖越冬保护措施，而对于河流鱼类越冬行为学机制及越冬场保护的相关研究较少。本研究选取我国淮河流域为研究对象，结合鱼类越冬场调查和生理实验，从生理生态上揭示鱼类越冬场选择的行为机制，基于鱼类越冬场的生态水文机制推求鱼类越冬期生态流量。具体研究内容包括：（1）鱼类对冬季低温环境生理耐受阈值确定；（2）河流冬季生境对鱼类越冬场选择的影响机制研究；（3）基于鱼类生理需求的冬季生态流量推求。本研究将从鱼类生理表征指标角度构建鱼类越冬期生态流量推求方法，完善河流生态流量过程的理论与方法。

项目选取我国淮河流域为研究对象，基于鱼类越冬场的生态水文机制推求了鱼类越冬期生态流量，建立了不同生命时期目标物种与关键生境因子的响应关系，综合考虑鱼类生活史及径流季节变化推求了河流生态流量过程。项目相关成果应用于淮河流域水质-水量-水生态联合调度关键技术研究，确定了淮河关键断面的生态需水过程，为淮河流域实现闸坝群的联合调度提供了科学依据。同时，该项技术应用于汉江生态需水研究及漓江生态调度研究等均取得了较好的效果。依据项目研究计划，已圆满完成研究内容，达到了研究目标。