新型表面等离子体光致变色纳米材料的设计、可控合成及机理研究

Huge energy consumption of buildings is a major cause of environmental problem in our country, especially air pollution and smog. Therefore, building energy saving is an important part for energy revolution. To solve the problems that the traditional photochromic material has poor efficiency in the solar energy utilization, high recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, and the monotonous solar-shielding range, we innovationally use surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) in photochromic material and provide a photochromic material which can selectively modulate the solar range. The substoichiometric MO3-x(M=W，Mo) homojunction with content of oxygen vacancy are designed and prepared by hydrothermal method. The relationship of oxygen vacancy and crystalline structure、band structure, charge carrier transfer and SPR effect will be studied in detail, to reveal the SPR synergistic effect and selective regulation on photochromic properties. Meanwhile, we study the interfacial charge carrier transfer method and reaction pathways of the homojunction, demonstrate the synergistic effect of the homojunction interface on photochromic properties and obtain a smart energy-saving photochromic material with selective solar modulation range. This work will provide new photochromic series with high performance, as a kind of important supporting materials for saving energy and environmental protection.

光致变色材料因智能响应太阳光，适于建筑窗体节能领域，引起广泛重视。针对传统光致变色材料所存在的太阳能利用率不高、光生载流子复合率高、调光区域单一等问题，本项目创新地引入表面等离子体共振（SPR）特性，提出一种基于光致调控的全光谱选择性调控智能纳米材料，深入开展光致调控高效节能材料的理论设计、实验制备及机理研究，采用水热法制备缺氧态MO3-x(M=W，Mo)同质核壳材料，探索材料的优化和可控制备技术，通过调控材料的化学计量比，探索氧缺陷含量和分布与晶体畸变、能带结构、载流子迁移，SPR吸收的关系，揭示了表面等离子体共振效应对光致变色性能的增强机制和对调光范围的可调变机制；在此基础上，通过研究同质核壳结构的界面载流子迁移方式和反应途径，掌握同质界面效应对光致变色的作用机制，最终获得对全光谱具有选择性调控的智能高效节能光致变色材料，为我国节能环保提供一份重要的支撑材料。

为了更好的利用和调控太阳光，本项目提出了一套基于表面等离子共振特性SPR调控的全光谱选择性调控纳米材料。采用水热法制备了自包覆WO3-x同质核壳材料，通过调控制备方法，实现自包覆结构和氧缺陷浓度可控调节，从而实现了SPR吸收特性的可控调节，揭示了SPR效应对光致变色性能的增强机制和对调光范围的可调变机制。通过改变光致变色薄膜基材和光致变色纳米颗粒表面集团两方面，有效地提高了褪色速率，实现了样品高变色效率和优异褪色速率的动态平衡。同时将此类材料引入到光催化领域，实现了传统光催化剂无法达到的全光谱驱动光催化性能，尤其是红外光产氢和降解特性。探究了此类异质结的界面载流子传输机制和红外热电子产氢机制。本项目不仅获得对全光谱具有选择性调控的智能高效光致变色材料，还获得了高效光催化制氢和降解的全光谱光催化剂，为我国的能源开发和节能环保提供了重要的支撑。