复杂地质条件下水工隧洞围岩稳定性分析与支护结构设计理论研究

With the further development of the hydroelectric resources in Western China and the needs of environmental ecological engineering, the geological environment of the water diversion projects have become increasingly complicated. The traditional theory and design method could do nothing for the water diversion tunnels which are under the conditions of great depth, high geotherm and high water level. Based on the methods of laboratory experiment, model experiment, numerical simulation experiment and field experiment, the characteristics of deformation and strength of the surrounding rock under the complex geological conditions will be studied in this project. And the following four questions will be focused on: 1) the coupling mechanism of the fractured rock mass under the couple effect of temperature, stress and water; 2) the long-term stability of the water diversion tunnel under the couple effect of high-temperature, high-geostress and high osmotic pressure; 3) the special support and anchoring technology under the conditions of high-temperature and high-geostress; 4) the mechanical properties of the concrete lining under the conditions of high temperature difference in operating period. These researching results will have great theoretic significance and application value to the design theory of the deep buried water diversion tunnels under the conditions of high-temperature, high-geostress and high osmotic pressure in Western China.

随着我国西部水电资源的进一步开发以及环境生态工程的需要，引水调水工程所处地质环境越来越复杂。诸如大埋深、高地温、高水头、裂隙发育等复杂条件下的水工隧洞使得传统的分析理论与设计方法无能为力。本项目拟通过室内试验、模型试验、数值仿真试验及现场试验等方法，针对高地温、高地应力、渗压下围岩体的变形与强度特性展开深入研究；重点研究裂隙岩体介质在温度、应力、渗流作用下的耦合机制；高温、高地应力及渗透压力耦合作用下引水隧洞和洞室群的长期稳定性；高温、高地应力条件下特殊支护与锚固技术；运行期混凝土衬砌在内外温差条件下的受力特性等五个主要科学问题。研究成果对西部水电站高地温、高地应力、高水压下深埋引水隧洞的结构设计理论与设计方法具有重要的科学意义与应用价值。

随着西部大开发与“一带一路”政策的大力支持和推进，我国在西北地区投资和建设了大量的基础设施。其中在极端复杂的地质条件下，兴建了许多隧道工程。在诸多工程中，涌现出越来越多亟待研究和解决的难题。诸如高地温、高含水、裂隙发育、冻融循环、湿陷性黄土等复杂条件下的隧洞修建问题，使得传统的分析理论、设计施工方法无能为力。因此，本课题组从理论推导、室内外试验和数值仿真等方面对这些问题进行了全面深入的研究。比如，高温引水隧洞围岩的温度特性、支护结构的受力特性、关键的施工技术；寒区隧道围岩的水分迁移机理、冻融循环下的强度劣化机理、多场耦合的理论构架与数值仿真技术；黄土隧道的稳定性、设计及施工的关键问题；富水及软岩隧洞的支护结构受力特性；裂隙岩体参数的快速获取等。研究成果对认识我国西部极端复杂的地质条件，对西部隧道工程的设计与施工，具有重要的科学意义与应用价值。