跨境流动背景下族裔社区的多元文化与地方协商研究：以粤港澳地区为例

The existing research on cross-border mobility and ethno community has always employed the analyzing method of spatial analysis, while the research from the lens of social and cultural geographies seems to have been absent for a long time. The project aims to expand the research on cross-border mobility and ethno community from the perspective of social and cultural geography, in particular under the academic context of the “cultural turn” in human geography and the “social turn” in spatial research. On this basis, the methodology of this project will be structured with the methods of questionnaire, interview, participation observation, textual analysis (NVivo analysis), visual analysis, and implicit association test. Taking ethno communities in the region of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao as the research objects, this project will examine the mechanism of the birth of cross-border ethno communities, and in so doing to further investigate the dialectical relations between these ethno communities and the development of the region and these cities where this project tries to observe. Most specifically, this project will explore how the various cross-border ethno groups and their spatial and cultural practices are embedded into the place and space where they have moved in (here means China and Chinese cities). Moreover, this project also discusses the negotiating process between the ethno groups (the everyday cultural tactics) and the place-making of the place and space where they have moved in. This project, on the one hand, provides the foundation and possibility for the theorization of geography of mobility and multi-cultural study; on the other hand, this project can strongly serve for the drafting of China’s policies of urban, community and migration governance from the practical perspective, which can also read as a kind of response to China’s national policy of building Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay.

既有的关于跨境流动族裔聚居现象的研究多以空间分析为主，社会文化地理学的视角仍较为欠缺。项目拟从社会文化地理学的视角，尤其是人文地理学“文化转向”及空间研究“社会转向”的学术背景下，使用问卷调查、访谈、参与式观察、文本分析（NVivo分析）、视觉分析以及内隐联想测试等研究方法，以粤港澳地区的跨境族裔聚居社区为观察对象，深入探讨催生跨境族裔聚居社区现象的核心动力机制，以及此类跨境流动及其所产生的族裔社区与所观测城市与区域发展之间的辩证关系。通过对不同跨境族裔的空间文化行为如何嵌套于迁入地（中国）特定的社会文化网络，以及跨国族裔如何透过日常生活情景的文化策略与迁入地的地方营造进行协商的分析，研究在理论上丰富了流动地理学和多元文化城市研究的经验和理论更新的可能性。在实证层面，项目以粤港澳地区为研究案例，一方面响应了国家重大战略的决策，另一方面从城市管治、社区和移民治理的角度为相关政策提供了依据。

课题既立足于粤港澳大湾区，从不同的城市或城市群开展研究，又扩展到更大的尺度考量跨境流动现象及族裔社区现象，厘清跨境流动现象以及族裔社区现象的核心动力机制，探寻中国发展背景下跨境流动以及跨境族裔社区形成的空间地理特征的新解释。研究的重要发现主要包括这种跨境流动以及族裔社区背后的易变性和复杂性。从易变性来说，跨境流动背景下的族裔社区是变化多端的，随着时间的变化，尤其是国际和区域政治格局的变化，以及是新冠疫情大流行的影响，这种跨境流动和族裔社区都会发生剧烈变化。跨境流动背景下，移民会与地方系统发生冲突、抵抗和协商，通过空间“跨境化”以重新建构自我，新出现的族裔景观和文化实践会对城市空间带来转变和生产性建构，推动地方社会想象的重塑。此外，从复杂性来讲，其涉及的主体是多元且复杂的。比如，跨境移民、留学生、回流华裔、在外华裔、跨境外籍劳工、地方精英、游客、学生等主体，他们在国家、区域、城市、社区、家庭和个体等不同尺度层面上，在日常生活情景中的身体化实践、物质运用、话语表达和情感表达等是极其不一致的。课题为城市管治、移民治理和文化治理政策及体系提供了反馈和建设，推动地方社会想象的重塑，促进国际移民友好型国家和更加包容性的城市社会的建设，创造更为开放、包容和共存的城市人居环境。同时，课题也为深化了社会文化地理学的中国化，同时也为孕育新的话题打下了坚实的基础。