汉语学习对蒙汉双语者颜色概念范畴重构的影响及ERP机制

A classic debate in cognitive science concerns the relation between language and thought. At one pole of this debate is the relativist, which holds that our perception of the world is shaped by the semantic categories of our native language,and that the classic debate in cognitive science concerns the relation between language and thought.At the other pole is the universalist stance,which holds instead that there is the universal repertoire of thought and perception that leaves its imprint on the languages of the world.Recent empirical studies have demonstrated clear difference between spearker with different native language in a variety of cognitive domains.These finding have provided substantial behavioral evidence in support of the view that cognitive representation of the world is essentially language-based.It is the fact that bilingualism is becoming increasingly prevalent, which presents an ideal opportunity to test a fundamental question that the cognitive representation is fixed and static or is dynamic and flexible，that is said, to expose the different language and cultures should alter pre-existing representation.In addition,the effect of using two or more languages on the structureing of one's cognitive domains has been carefully examined in relation to bilingualism's associated factors, such as age of onset, frequency of language use and language proficiency. The present study takes a first step to investigate how the acquired second language affect the representation of color perception in different time phase in Mongolia-Chinese bilingual by using reaction time and ERP technique.The current study will also provide the more complete interpret of the relationship between language and cognition and brain.

基于语言-认知-脑三维关系的理论，本研究旨在揭示语言差异导致认知差异的脑机制，从更精细的水平认识语言和认知的复杂关系。以蒙汉双语者为研究对象,颜色知觉认知为切入点，采用聚类分析、多维标度法，考察蒙、汉语言在颜色词知觉分类上是否存在差异；在此基础上，采用反应时结合事件相关电位技术，利用目标觉察从行为和脑皮层两水平，考察如果双语者两种颜色词的范畴分类存在差异，这种差异是否和语言有关，揭示语言差异对颜色认知的影响。但这种影响作用可能是语言使用策略或语言概念自身重新组织所致。因此进一步通过操纵双语者第二语言熟练度即语义加工的深浅程度，利用Oddball形状探测任务，从行为与脑两个层次揭示母语概念自身重新组织对颜色知觉的影响究竟发生在认知加工的什么阶段。本研究证实语言差异对脑功能和形态可塑性影响，为"语言关联性理论"的合理性和完整性提供科学依据，补充该理论框架中脑机制研究的不足。

本研究针对汉语为第二语言学习者颜色范畴概念的认知及脑机制进行研究，旨在从脑科学角度探索语言和知觉间的关系，为深入的认识语言差异所代表的文化不同在个体心理的认识方面是否也有表现，这种表现在脑水平是否也有展现，这项研究对于语言相对论理论提供更多的科学依据，也为人类认识语言与思维有着间接的证据。. 项目主要开展了蒙古语中基本颜色词（蓝色）与汉语词汇存在的数量的不同，蒙古语有两个表述蓝色词，汉语仅有一个，对于蒙古语为母语，汉语为二语的语言持有者来说，在心理词典表征上就会存在着两种颜色词的不同，这是否会导致在颜色知觉分类存在区别。采用视觉搜索范式和脑电 Oddball 范式研究究蒙汉双语者的颜色范畴知觉效应及语言影响知觉的脑机制。在此基础上，采用色觉疲劳和语义饱和操作分别独立地改变知觉或语义加工, 继续从任务分离角度观察二者对颜色范畴知觉效应的即时影响, 以期探究语言和知觉对颜色范畴的作用。. 研究结果表明，在区分蒙古语中qinker 和huhe 色时, 低汉语水平的蒙汉双语者比高汉语水平者产生更强的颜色范畴效应, 蒙汉双语者的汉语水平影响颜色范畴知觉, 双语者所习得的第二语言范畴可以改变双语者母语的范畴, 语言能影响知觉的前注意阶段。而进一步研究再说明，单独改变知觉或语义加工能力均能影响颜色范畴知觉效应, 支持了语言标签对比模型, 即语言与知觉的交互作用引起颜色范畴知觉的观点。. 本研究从行为层面结合脑电技术，再验证颜色知觉中语言的作用，在知觉的早期阶段语言可以产生颜色范畴知觉效应，这种效应不仅语言的单独作用，知觉本身在颜色范畴知觉效应也具有作用。颜色范畴知觉效应是语言和知觉联合作用的表现。从理论层面研究支持语言相对论的观点，也从内在机制方面显示了范畴知觉的形成二因素论及语言对比标签模型的成立。这对于科学的解读语言是如何影响人类的感知觉心理过程，及范畴知觉是如何建立起来提供了实证参考资料，同时对文化的差异在语言上体现也有了更多的依据。这一研究对于文化特异性理论和统一论的科学命题的争论给出客观参考，从认知神经科学领域深入剖析语言在大脑中的神经表达的重要问题有可推动的作用和延续的前景。