我国沿海附生性甲藻－冈比亚藻（Gambierdiscus)和蛎甲藻（Ostreopsis) - 的生物多样性研究

Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis are two major epiphytic dinoflagellates. They were originally known to be distributed in tropical and subtropical coastal waters, and often attached on the macroalgae. The marine toxins produced by these two genera could contaminate fish and other benthic organisms, hence impact the sustainable development of fishery and aquaculture. In recent years, a number of reports indicated that species of these two genera were emerging globally and bloom incidences have increased substantially. There is, however, little study conducted about the taxonomy, distribution, physiological and ecological characters of these two genera in the coastal waters of China. Therefore, in this project, we proposed to investigate the presence and distribution of Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis at three sites (Hainan, Shandong and Jiangsu) where large-scale macroalgae aquaculture is conducted. Geographic strains of Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis will be isolated and cultured in the laboratory, and the taxonomic status will be investigated through morphological and molecular studies. At the same time, phylogenetic analyses will be conducted to elucidate the genetic relationship between the Chinese strains and the others around the world.

冈比亚藻（Gambierdiscus）和蛎甲藻（Ostreopsis）是两类典型的海洋附生性甲藻，能附着于大型海藻上。该类甲藻的毒素能致使鱼类和底栖生物群落污染，从而影响渔业与养殖业的可持续发展。近几年，由于冈比亚藻和蛎甲藻的地理分布范围扩大、其藻华频繁发生，引起了较多科学家的重视。我国对附生性甲藻的研究较少，尤其缺乏对这两个属在我国沿海的种类、分布和生理生态等的报导。本项目将在几个典型的大型海藻养殖区或自然分布区（海南、山东、江苏沿海），调查和研究冈比亚藻和蛎甲藻的分布；并纯化和培养不同的地理株系，研究其形态特征，并结合分子分类技术确定其分类地位。另外，通过与世界其他种类或株系的比较研究，探讨我国沿海的冈比亚藻和蛎甲藻与其他地区株系的遗传进化关系。本项目的实施不但能弥补我国对该类甲藻研究的不足，也为进一步研究其毒理、生态作用等奠定基础，进而推动我国对附生甲藻的基础性研究。

蛎甲藻（Ostreopsis）和冈比亚藻（Gambierdiscus）是两类典型的海洋附生性甲藻，易附着于大型海藻的藻体上，广泛分布于热带、亚热带海域。这两类甲藻的毒素能致使鱼类和底栖生物群落污染，从而影响渔业与养殖业的可持续健康发展。近些年由于冈比亚藻和蛎甲藻地理分布范围扩大，藻华频繁发生，引起了较多科学家的重视。我国对附生性甲藻的研究较少，尤其缺乏这两个属在我国沿海种类、分布和生理生态特性的报导。本项目开展了这两类甲藻在我国沿海（海南、江苏、山东和辽宁）分布的多航次现场调查取样，重点调查上述海域大型海藻的养殖区或自然分布区。在甲藻种类丰富、多样性指数高的大连近岸，采到了卵形砺甲藻（Ostreopsis ovata），并纯化和培养了该株附生甲藻，研究了壳片结构等形态特征，并结合分子分类技术确定了其系统分类地位。本项目的实施填补了该类甲藻在我国北方没有记录的空白，弥补了我国对该类甲藻研究的不足，也为进一步研究其生理生化、毒素分泌等特性及生态作用奠定基础，推动了我国对附生甲藻的基础性研究。