鲢鱼来源复杂脂质通过CD1d分子递呈的对NKT细胞激活作用研究

Silver carp is one kind of the main and low-value freshwater fish bred in China. Complex lipids (phospholipids and glycolipids) were detected in head, muscle and viscera of silver carp. NKT cells (natural killer T cells) are subgroups of T cells which express the characters of both T cells and NK cells in the surface. They participate in kinds of immune responses such as autoimmunity, infection immunity, antitumor immunity and transplantation immunity and are considered as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Studies showed that the complex lipids of specific molecular types have unique biological activity in immune regulation and they can be presented by CDld molecules as lipid antigens and thus activate NKT cells, but due to the diversity of complex lipids sources and the complicated molecular structures, the mechanism has not been fully clarified and a further study is needed. This study is intended to extract and purify different molecular types of complex lipids from different parts of silver carp and test their molecular stucture and their NKT cells activation function presented by CD1d molecules. The results of this study may enrich the research on biological activity and nutrition of complex lipids from freshwater fish, and provide a reference for study on NKT cells related immune regulation .

鲢鱼为我国主要养殖的低值淡水鱼之一。鲢鱼的头部、肌肉和内脏中都检测到复杂脂质（磷脂和糖脂）的存在。NKT细胞（natural killer T cells,自然杀伤T细胞）是一类表面既具有T细胞又具有NK细胞标志的T细胞亚群，参与自身免疫、感染免疫、抗肿瘤免疫和移植免疫等多种免疫反应，被认为是连接先天性免疫和获得性免疫的桥梁。研究表明特定分子种类的复杂脂质可以作为脂类抗原被CDld分子递呈从而激活NKT细胞，在免疫调控方面有独特的生物活性，但由于复杂脂质的来源多样，分子结构复杂多样，机理并未完全阐明，需要进一步研究。本研究拟从鲢鱼各部位中提取和分离纯化出不同分子类型的复杂脂质，检测其分子结构和其通过CD1d分子递呈的NKT细胞激活作用。通过本研究可以丰富淡水鱼来源复杂脂质生物活性和营养研究内容，为NKT细胞相关免疫调节研究提供参考。

鲢鱼为我国主要养殖的低值淡水鱼之一。鲢鱼的头部、肌肉和内脏中都检测到复杂脂质（磷脂和糖脂）的存在。NKT细胞（natural killer T cells,自然杀伤T细胞）是一类表面既具有T细胞又具有NK细胞标志的T细胞亚群，参与自身免疫、感染免疫、抗肿瘤免疫和移植免疫等多种免疫反应，被认为是连接先天性免疫和获得性免疫的桥梁。研究表明特定分子种类的复杂脂质可以作为脂类抗原被CDld分子递呈从而激活NKT细胞，在免疫调控方面有独特的生物活性，但由于复杂脂质的来源多样，分子结构复杂多样，机理并未完全阐明，需要进一步研究。本研究从鲢鱼各部位中提取和分离纯化出不同分子类型的复杂脂质，检测其分子结构和其通过CD1d分子递呈的NKT细胞激活作用。. 研究结果表明鲢鱼各部位含有一定量的复杂脂质，且脂质中含有较丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）；鲢鱼头中磷脂含量达0.98%，其脂肪酸组成中 PUFA含量达36%以上，其中EPA和DHA含量占13%以上；鲢鱼各部位的磷脂种类有磷脂酰胆碱（phosphatidylcholine，PC）、磷脂酰乙醇胺（phosphatidylethanolamine，PE）、磷脂酰丝氨酸（phosphatidyelserine，PS）及一未知组分，鲢鱼头磷脂中PC含量达68%；鲢鱼头磷脂具有较好的抗氧化和乳化特性；鲢鱼头磷脂具有通过CD1d分子递呈的NKT细胞激活作用。. 通过本研究可以丰富淡水鱼来源复杂脂质生物活性和营养研究内容，为鲢鱼副产物综合利用提供参考。