基于Soc-MOFs模板柔性金属硒化物复合电极材料的设计合成及在非对称超级电容器器件中的应用

Supercapacitor is widely concerned due to its advantage of high power density, fast charge and discharge rate performance, appreciable safety property and environmental friendliness. Preparation of high-performance electrode materials is one of the most effective ways to improve the property of supercapacitor. In this project we choose Soc-MOFs (one kind of metal organic framework material) as the template to construct a series of dissimilar metal selenide heterojunction structure of mono-metal, multi-metal and multi-shell, in which the metal selenide is wrapped by nitrogen doped porous carbon to form a composite electrode material. The composite electrode materials are constructed with the advantages of structural stability, adjustable composition and good conductivity. This project explores the relationship between the synergistic effect and electrochemical properties of different metal ions in heterojunction structures, and reveals the pseudo-capacitor energy storage mechanism, influence mechanism and matching rule of porous carbon-coated transition metal selenide from the microscopic level. The flexible conductive substrate supported electrode material and ionic liquids as electrolytes so as to assembly high performance flexible asymmetric supercapacitor devices. The energy storage mechanism of the device should be studied to realize the accurate design of electrode materials and the research of high performance energy storage devices.

超级电容器具有功率密度高、充放电速度快、安全系数高和环境友好等优点被广泛关注。开发高性能电极材料是提高超级电容器性能最有效的方式之一。本项目选用一种金属有机框架材料Soc-MOFs为模板来构筑一系列异质结构的单元金属、多元金属以及多壳层金属硒化物与氮掺杂多孔碳的复合电极材料，设计合成具有结构稳定、组分可调以及良好导电性等优势的复合电极材料；探索异质结构中不同金属离子间协同作用与电化学性能的关系，从微观层面上揭示多孔碳包覆过渡金属硒化物的赝电容储能机理、影响机制及与电解液之间的匹配规律；并选用柔性导电基底负载电极材料，以离子液体为电解质，实现高性能柔性非对称超级电容器器件的组装及储能机制的研究，为进一步实现电极材料的精确设计及高性能储能器件的研究奠定基础。

化石燃料的过度消耗所导致的环境问题、化石资源的不可再生带来的能源危机一直是上世纪以来全球范围内各国所关注的热点问题。因此，研究能替代化石燃料的新能源尤其重要。本项目通过原位自组装法制备了一系列Soc-MOF基复合材料，以此为前驱体，通过高温或溶剂热方法制备了不同结构和组成的金属硒化物纳米材料，系统的研究了其在超级电容器正极中的电化学储能性能。本项目成功合成NiSex@CBs，Ni-S-Se，Ni-Se-P，Nix-Co1-x-Se，NiSex/NF等系列电极材料，其中NiSex@CBs材料独特的结构使该材料展现出较高的比电容。通过Ni-S-Se，Ni-Se-P，Nix-Co1-x-Se电极材料的电化学储能性能测试，探索异质结电极材料的结构、组分、物相与电化学性能的关系。并选用在柔性基底--泡沫镍上原位生长电极材料成功制备NiSex@/NF，另外选用NiSex@CBs，Ni-S-Se，Ni-Se-P，Nix-Co1-x-Se，NiSex@/NF为正极材料，碳材料为负极材料，组装非对称超级电容器器件，并研究该系列器件的储能机制。本项目利用金属有机框架材料为自牺牲模板制备系列金属硒化物电极材料，完美的融合和金属有机框架材料和金属硒化物的诸多优点，展现了高比电容、高倍率及长循环寿命的优势，为设计和开发超级电容器电极材料奠定了一定的实验依据。