时空三维O-D货流矩阵下的集装箱班轮航线多层规划集成设计研究

The object of liner container service design is a operation system which consists of ports, ships and containers. In order to optimizing the operation system, some decision contents should be determined integratedly, such as calling ports, calling sequence, slot allocation, shipsizing, and a fleet of containers deployed and composed, from 3 programming levels of route construction, asset deployment and voyage operation. Aiming to the influence of traffic flow changing, the existing studies mainly use an average traffic flow to solely or coordinately optimize relative decision contents at 1 or 2 certain levels in the process for voyage revenue growth and empty container repositioning problems.Through introducing a time-space 3D O-D matrix of traffic flow changing and taking shipsizing as a shared decision variable,the liner container service design problem becomes a more real-life complex problem with multi-levels programming.The features of this study are mainly embodied in two aspects, one is fact that the 3D O-D traffic matrix depicts the situation of traffic flow changing better than the average traffic flow to solve the risk problem of liner container service; the other is the service route construction which depends not only on selecting ports called, calling sequence and times, but also on the time of traffic changing peak and ebb. Around the two primary features, integrated model could be cinstructed, a conversing factor matrix and its algorithm should be developed, some evaluation index model should be designed, to simultaneously solve to voyage revenue growth and operation risk problems, finally to accomplish the integrated design and synchronous optimization to liner container service design problem.

集装箱班轮航线设计的对象是一个由港口、船舶、集装箱构成，需要从路径构建、资产配置、运营操作3个层面一体确定挂靠港口、挂靠顺序、舱位分配、船舶配置、箱量配备与构成，才能实现优化运作的运营系统。针对货流波动变化的影响，现行研究主要采用平均货流作为需求，对上述某1或2个层面进行单独或协调优化，解决航线运营收益与空箱调拨问题。本研究通过引入时空三维O-D货流矩阵和选择船型为共同变量，将集装箱班轮航线设计问题变成一个更符合现实的多层规划的复合设计问题。其特殊性主要体现在，一是三维O-D货流矩阵比平均货流可以更好地刻画货流波动变化情况，解决航线运营风险问题；二是路径构建不仅取决于挂靠港口、顺序与次数选择，还取决于货流波动高峰和低谷的发生时间。围绕这2个基本特征，进行3层集成建模、转换因子阵设计与算法开发、评价指标建模，同步解决航线运营的收益管理、空箱调拨及运营风险问题，实现对航线集成设计与同步优化。

集装箱班轮航线设计是一个由路径构建、作业安排、箱量配备构成的多阶段问题，考虑挂靠港口、挂靠顺序、舱位分配、船舶配置、箱量配备与构成等因素的决策过程。本研究通过将集装箱班轮航线设计问题转换为一类特殊的多阶段复合问题，进行集成建模、转换因子阵设计与算法开发、评价指标建模，同步解决航线运营的航次收益、空箱调拨及运营风险问题，实现对航线集成设计与同步优化。主要成果如下：.(1)以中海及合作公司经营的东南亚区域航线为对象，以东南亚区域集装箱班轮航运市场为背景，研究该区域海上集装箱班轮航线，分析了区域内主要港口的航线布局、运营模式等供给现状。.(2) 针对集装箱班轮航线备选港口挂靠时间不同、货量不同、挂靠次数不定的特点，考虑船型配置对航线挂靠港口选择、挂靠顺序、舱位分配、空箱调拨等的影响，构建了集装箱班轮航线路径构建模型、航次运营模型和箱量配置与构成模型的三阶段集成优化模型，为集装箱班轮航线路径选择提供了新的思路和新方法。.(3) 针对集装箱班轮运输定价问题，构建差价补偿策略下班轮运输的定价模型，研究差价补偿策略下托运人订舱行为和承运人定价决策，分析市场需求波动与承运人定价、差价补偿系数、承运人收益的内在关系。.(4) 针对出口箱随机入港下的分散堆放与随机选位对集装箱卡车行驶和场桥取箱作业的影响，建立出口箱的箱区选择与箱位分配协调调度模型，为解决码头内部多阶段协调调度问题提供了理论依据。.(5) 开发了电力煤炭航运调度系统，为广东电力工业燃料有限公司提供调度方案优化。对珠海港江海联运体系建设进行可行性研究，给出珠海港江海联运体系建设方案，推动珠海港江海联运体系发展。