磁流变液中近场超声作用调控方法及在敏捷姿控中的工作原理研究

In view of the extensive demand for high precision attitude control for Micro-, Nano- and Pico-satellites, the new principle to induce near field acoustic field to levitate and drive the rotor in the magnetic rheological liquid is investigated. On this basis, a novel attitude control method and technology, which includes reaction momentum wheel and moment gyroscope, is explored. Based upon three aspects, i.e., piezoelectric material preparation, structure design and system function, this project plans to explore design theory of vibration structure made of function material, and its inducement method of a stable, controllable acoustic field with high intensity., structure and system function in magnetic rheological fluid. The research involves the nonlinear acoustic, vibration theory, actuation mechanism of functional material, multi-physical field coupling theses and so on. Then levitation and driving mechanism of gyroscope rotor based on near-field acoustic levitation (NFAL) is expected to understood deeply. The relationship between relative attitude of stator/rotor and acoustic perturbation of medium is also to be investigated, functional structure vibration. The project will try to explain the regulation principle of NFAL by controlling structural vibration and constitutive characteristic of magnetic rheological fluid, and dynamic mechanism of fast absorption and release of momentum (reaction of momentum wheel and moment gyroscope mode). An experimental evaluation system based on NFAL, which is able to conduct multi-axial momentum modulation and control, is expected to build. On one hand, the cross development of piezoelectric precision drive technology, acoustic technology and inertial technology is promoted. At the same time a novel direction of inertial technology with high precision, low cost is prested.

针对微纳、皮型卫星等对姿态的高精度、敏捷控制需求，研究磁流变液中诱发超声近场来悬浮和驱动转子的新原理，在此基础上探索一种集反作用动量论和力矩陀螺工作模式一体的（三轴）姿态控制新原理和技术。项目从材料、结构及系统功能三个层面考虑，探索高性能功能材料直接构成振动结构在磁流变液中诱发高强度、稳定和可控行波声场的方法，研究所涉及的非线性声学、振动学、功能材料驱动以及多场耦合等问题，揭示近声场悬浮和驱动球转子的运行原理，解析定/转子相对姿态与介质声场扰动、功能结构振动之关系，阐释通过结构振动和磁流变液本构特性调控来改变近场超声作用力场的原理、以及快速吸收和释放动量的机理（反作用动量轮或力矩陀螺模式），试制出具有多轴动量调控的近场超声作动系统测评平台，一方面促进压电精密驱动技术、声学技术与惯性技术的交叉发展，同时为高精度、低成本导航和惯性仪表提供新的方向。

项目以微小卫星用姿态调控执行器的重大需求为牵引，结合磁流变液在特定条件下流变特性可快速变换的特点，研究了一种基于磁流变液介质的超声近场作用及敏捷控制技术。首先，研究了不同拓扑压电结构形式的多源激励方法和磁流变液中近场声辐射力的诱发机理，推导了零声场下磁流变液微粒作用力分析基本模型，深入分析了声场对磁流变液微粒链的减摩机理，建立了声-磁耦合下磁流变液跨尺度剪切模型，并结合磁流变液圆盘式剪切模式进行了宏观阻尼计算。其次，研究了表面形貌改善压电振动结构诱发超声驱动能力的动力学机理，基于有限元法分析了具有超声振动边界的流体介质压力分布规律，为设计出更为优化的样机系统奠定了基础。搭建了模拟飞行载体的滚转姿态调控试验系统，初步验证了基于磁流变液的超声作动器场进行滚转姿态调控的可行性，为应用于微小型卫星的姿态调节奠定了基础。在上述工作的基础上，总结、提炼磁流变液介质中诱发超声近场的作动器设计理论和方法，一方面促进压电精密驱动技术、声学技术与惯性技术的交叉发展，同时为高精度、低成本导航和姿态控制器件提供新的研究方向。