喀斯特山区生态系统类型转变对土壤质量的影响与评价

The structure, process and function of terrestrial ecosystem were changed resulted from the land use change, which is an important research field in the global change study. However, very little attention was focused on the Karst area, where is characterized by harsh habitat and ecological vulnerability, especially on the evolution pattern of soil fertility and circulation mechanism of biological geochemistry. This study will fucus on 3 typical ecosystem shifts in the Karst area of Guizhou, including forest change into artifical grassland, natural grassland change into cropland, and cropland change into abandon farmland; and a comprehensive plan including the field survey, sampling and observation in situ, controlled experiment, laboratory analysis and evaluation will be chosen. Soil quality condition including physical characteristcs, chemical properties, fetility factor, environmental and biological indexes will be systematically analyzed under different ecosystem shifts in Karst mountain area. Meanwhile, principal component analysis will be chosen to determine the minimum data set of soil quality in this study area, and SQI index will be applied to evaluate the comprehensive effect of ecosystem shift on siol quality. This research will also explore the evolution mechanism of soil quality to the impact of land use change. The research results will be useful for understanding and predicting evolution and development trend of Karst soil quality, and will provide scientific basis for formulating technique and strategy to conserve Karst ecosystem.

土地利用变化引起的陆地生态系统类型转变是全球变化研究的重要领域，然而在喀斯特生态脆弱区尚未得到广泛关注，特别是在土壤质量特征演变格局与评价方面的研究极为薄弱。本研究以喀斯特山区林地转变人工草地、天然草地转变为农田和农田转变为弃耕地等典型生态系统类型转变为对象，采用野外调查-实地取样-定点观测-试验研究-室内分析与评价相结合的研究方法，系统分析生态系统类型转变对土壤物理性质、化学性质、肥力因子、环境指标和生物指标的影响，明晰不同土地利用方式下的土壤肥力质量和环境质量状况；采用主成分分析等方法确定研究区土壤质量的最小数据集，运用SQI指数评价喀斯特山区生态系统类型转变对土壤质量的综合影响，探索喀斯特脆弱区土壤质量特征对土地利用方式变化的演变规律与响应机制；进而为科学认识和预测在生态系统类型转变条件下喀斯特山区土壤质量的演化和发展趋势、有效制定提高喀斯特山区土壤质量的技术和战略提供科学依据。

本研究以喀斯特山区林地转变人工草地、天然草地转变为农田和农田转变为弃耕地等典型生态系统类型转变为对象，采用野外调查-实地取样-定点观测-试验研究-室内分析与评价相结合的研究方法，系统分析生态系统类型转变对土壤物理性质、化学性质、肥力因子、环境指标和生物指标的影响，明晰不同土地利用方式下的土壤肥力质量和环境质量状况；采用主成分分析等方法确定研究区土壤质量的最小数据集，运用SQI指数评价喀斯特山区生态系统类型转变对土壤质量的综合影响，探索喀斯特脆弱区土壤质量特征对土地利用方式变化的演变规律与响应机制；进而为科学认识和预测在生态系统类型转变条件下喀斯特山区土壤质量的演化和发展趋势、有效制定提高喀斯特山区土壤质量的技术和战略提供科学依据。