高转矩密度谐波削极型多相永磁同步电机及其控制系统研究

More Electric Aircraft stands for the future trends of aircraft development, and it also has been the main investigation area in aerospace applications. As the main component of More Electric Aircraft, power density of electrical machines has significant effect on the weight of More Electric Helicopter. This project will focus on improvement of power density by utilizing harmonic shaping in the magnet and harmonic injection into the phase current of multiphase machine. The relationship between harmonic order, amplitude and the number phase of the machine to improve the power density will be revealed and established. The effect of the harmonics induced by the harmonics shaped rotor on the cogging torque, radial force between the stator and rotor, stator iron loss, and the machine efficiency will be investigated. The cross effect between the harmonics in the rotor shape and current will be studied. The high torque density and low torque ripple can be achieved simultaneously. This project will establish the foundation of electrical machines for the more electric aircraft and reveal the general rules of harmonics utilization in the machine design. The principle, method, and concept to employ the harmonics in the multiphase machines will be proposed and the foundation will be established in the harmonics utilization.

多电/全电飞机代表了未来飞机的发展方向，已成为航空航天科技技术的重要研究内容。电机推进系统作为多电/全电直升机的核心部件，其功率密度的高低对直升机系统的重量有着重要的影响。本项目通过永磁体谐波削极与电流谐波注入技术提高多相电机推进系统的功率密度，揭示谐波削极型转子利用谐波的次数、幅值与电机相数之间提高功率密度的基本设计规律，研究由谐波削极型转子形状变化产生的谐波与齿槽转矩、定转子间径向力、定子铁芯损耗及电机效率之间的关系，研究定子电枢电流注入谐波和谐波削极型转子利用的谐波之间的相互影响，解决电机高转矩密度与低转矩脉动相互矛盾的问题，为研制出具有我国自主知识产权的多电/全电直升机推进电机系统奠定理论与实验基础，并尝试总结出谐波对电机性能影响的一般规律和设计方法，形成一系列综合利用谐波的理论、方法、概念，为其实用化奠定基础。

多相电机系统有利于实现系统容错运行,提高系统的可靠性。我国在此领域的研究起步相对较晚，因此，以多电/全电直升机推进需求为研究目标，对新型高转矩密度直驱推进多相电机系统的研究已迫在眉睫。本项目针对多电/全电直升机用谐波削极型转子多相电机，利用用谐波削极和谐波注入的方法，提高多相电机系统的转矩密度，研究了定子电枢电流注入谐波和谐波削极型转子利用的谐波之间的相互影响，解决了电机高转矩密度与低转矩脉动相互矛盾的问题。研究表明，通过在转子磁极中注入高次谐波(比如3次、5次、7次谐波)可以提高气隙磁密中的基波分量，使输出转矩提升>10%。进一步研究表明，在转矩脉动不变的情况下，通过注入三次谐波零序分量，多相永磁同步电机的输出转矩能够提高30％。揭示了转子注入谐波对齿槽转矩、电机定子铁耗、以及径向电磁力的影响和电机的极槽配合相关。为研制出具有我国自主知识产权的多电/全电直升机推进电机系统奠定理论与实验基础。