整合保护导向下的武陵山区传统聚落景观特质区划与个体识别研究

During the modernization process, the landscape of minority settlements, located in Wuling mountainous areas across Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou, which was abundant and consecutive historically, is now facing landscape fragmentation and dissimulation. The interdisciplinary methods are used to deal with the protection of regional cultural characteristics and landscape overall continuity in this traditional settlement landscape area, combining regional protection, line protection with identifying landscape of cultural heritage. Identifying Landscape of the regional traditional settlement can be achieved by constructing and applying Traditional Settlements Landscape Character Assessment system (TSLCA). Through field investigation and desk research such as the spatial analysis of 3S and other, identifying Landscape can be achieved at three main levels: macro-scale (throughout Wuling mountainous areas), medium-scale (cultural routes/region) and the micro-scale (individual settlement). Classifying Landscape types and identifying landscape type areas on macro-scale and medium-scale should be sorted out based on ArcGIS. Utilizing the classifying and identifying results devised by professionals and stakeholders, combined with landscape sensitivity analysis, integrated protection guidelines on different levels can be formulated. Under these guidelines，zoning and classifying all representative settlements landscape and formulating the integrated protection rules will provide a scientific basis to guide the region cultural landscape protection and the Anti-Poverty of Wuling mountainous areas. The innovative theory and methods of cross-disciplinary landscape protection and regional cooperation and the TSLCA utilization in this research will provide the reference for the other areas with similar situation.

武陵山区地跨湘鄂渝黔，是我国内陆最大跨省交界的少数民族聚居区，土家、苗等9个少数民族和汉族在此世代聚居，历史形成的聚落景观在现代化进程中加速破碎和异化。为保护该地区传统聚落的景观整体性和文化连续性，引入文化线路遗产保护理念，构建并应用传统聚落景观特质评估体系（TSLCA），分宏观（全境）、中观（文化线路区域）、微观（聚落）3个尺度对景观特质逐层识别：基于ArcGIS平台，综合分析自然、人文因子，识别出宏观尺度景观类型，建立全境景观类型区划；结合案头分析和田野调查确定文化线路空间范围，嵌入上位区划，建立中观尺度的景观特质区划和区域保护导则；基于田野调查和“专家+利益相关者”的综合评价体系，对微观尺度的聚落个体进行景观特质识别，通过整合分析提取其关键景观特质，最终分区、分类制定出聚落景观保护细则。本项目基于TSLCA的多层级景观特质识别策略与方法，增进了传统聚落景观整合保护的系统性及科学性。

武陵山区地跨湘鄂渝黔，是我国内陆最大跨省交界的少数民族聚居区，土家、苗等9个少数民族和汉族在此世代聚居，历史形成的聚落景观在现代化进程中加速破碎和异化。为保护该地区传统聚落的景观整体性和文化连续性，引入文化线路遗产保护理念，构建并应用传统聚落景观特质评估体系（TSLCA），分宏观（全境）、中观（文化线路区域）、微观（聚落）3个尺度对景观特质逐层识别：. 宏观尺度基于ArcGIS平台，综合分析自然、人文因子，识别出全境22个景观特征类型共计311个景观特征单元，结合武陵山区的DEM数据和土地覆盖数据进行景观综合敏感度评价，划定出景观核心区、景观缓冲区和景观协调区，分类结果可以作为区域内不同行政地区开展跨区域的景观保护、管理和规划的基础，同时为传统聚落的区域整合保护提供了必要的前提条件。. 中观尺度将传统聚落分布图和景观保护分区图、廊道适宜性分区图进行叠加，结合案头分析和田野调查确定文化线路空间范围，使用MCR方法进行廊道适宜性分析，并以廊道的连续性、完整性和连接性为原则，综合考虑线型遗产、水系和和遗产点的分布特征，构建武陵山区传统聚落景观廊道网络，进行传统聚落的整体保护，方法更科学，效果更显著，在保护聚落的同时，对廊道内的山体植被、自然河流、线型遗产也起到了很好的保护作用，有利于不断深化传统聚落景观的保护内涵。. 微观尺度基于田野调查和“专家+利益相关者”的综合评价体系，针对主要廊道5个区间段的传统聚落景观特质，从自然、人文、民族特质和审美感知5个方面进行整体特质识别并提出相应的保护策略。. 本项目基于整合保护的视角，建构TSLCA体系，形成从区域全境、文化线路区域到聚落（群）景观的“三层次”景观特质分级研究，提出区域整合保护策略，研究成果可以为本地区及类似民族地区传统聚落景观的可持续发展提供理性参考。增进了传统聚落景观整合保护的系统性及科学性。