The Capitanian (Guadalupian, Permian) "Kamura event", which was recognized first in the Kamura area, Japan and later in the Velebit Mtn., central Croatia, characterized by its unusually high positive δ13Ccarb values (+4 to +6‰, maximum of +7‰), nearly 3-4 million years' long duration, is regarded as an indication for global cooling, resultant high productivity and organic carbon burial rate, and proposed as a major cause for the pre-Lopingian crisis/end-Guadalupian mass extinction. To validate the existence, onset and duration of Kamura event in South China, prove whether it's a global or local phenomenon, the continuous strata (Maokou-Heshan Formation) at the Penglaitan and Tieqiao sections in Laibin, Guangxi will be studied in terms of high-resolution conodont-fusulinacean biostratigraphy, strontium isotope geochemistry on conodonts and brachiopod shells, carbon isotope geochemistry on marine carbonates, paleothermometry on conodont apatites. In addition, the continuous(or least interrupted) strata at the Maoershan section in Enshi, Hubei will also be investigated, serving as an intraregional cross reference. Based on the prospectively new results, along with previous publications, discussions are planned to make on the timeline and connection among a series of global events during the Middle to Late Permian, including the Illawarra Reversal, Kamura event (if proven exist and constrained), Emeishan basaltic volcanism, maximum regression in the Phanerozoic, pre-Lopingian crisis/end-Guadalupian mass extinction, the lowest 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the Permian, characteristic negative carbon isotope excursion around the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary.
为验证"Kamura事件"(δ13Ccarb异常持续高值,指示全球变冷环境、高的海洋初级生产力、大规模有机碳埋藏)在华南二叠系瓜德鲁普统是否真实存在,及其起始、持续时间,本项目拟选择广西来宾蓬莱滩剖面、铁桥剖面茅口组-合山组连续地层为重点研究对象,选择G-L界线地层连续(或缺失较少)的湖北恩施猫耳山剖面为辅助研究对象,以牙形刺-蜓类生物地层框架、高分辨率牙形刺-腕足类锶同位素为相对年龄约束条件,以海相碳酸盐岩碳同位素、牙形刺氧同位素及其古温度指标为直接地球化学证据,综合对比日本Kamura地区、克罗地亚Velebit地区的研究结果,并探讨中、晚二叠世一系列重大地质事件,如Illawarra磁极反转、Kamura事件(如果证实存在且可限定)、峨眉山玄武岩的喷发、最大规模海平面下降、前乐平世生物灭绝事件、锶同位素87Sr/86Sr最低值、G-L界线附近碳同位素的显著负漂移的时间顺序和耦合关系。
与二叠纪末生物大灭绝相比,关于瓜德鲁普世末期生物灭绝的研究相对薄弱,主要体现在:(1)瓜德鲁普统—乐平统界线的绝对年龄制约;(2)生物灭绝的起始、峰期及持续时间;(3)生物灭绝的成因机制。Isozaki et al. (2007a, 2007b) 根据日本Kamura地区蜓类生物地层、碳同位素变化的研究,提出“Kamura事件”理论,即在Capitanian期存在长期δ13Ccarb异常高值(+6‰)现象,指示异常高的海洋初级生产力、巨量的有机碳埋藏、大气CO2浓度降低及全球长期变冷环境,并认为这一事件可能是导致瓜德鲁普世末期生物灭绝事件的直接诱因。本项目选择华南地区代表性的、瓜德鲁普统—乐平统连续出露的地层剖面为研究对象,拟通过牙形刺生物地层、碳同位素变化、牙形刺氧同位素及古海水温度重建等研究手段,以直接证据(即高分辨率牙形刺生物地层制约的、连续的古温度记录)验证“Kamura事件”是否真实存在,并限制其起始、持续时间,进而探讨与峨眉山大规模火山活动、海平面下降、瓜德鲁普世末期生物灭绝等重大事件的时间顺序和耦合关系。.本项目执行期间,主要取得以下进展:(1)在国内率先建立利用离子探针进行牙形刺微区原位氧同位素分析及古温度重建的技术方法,并应用于二叠纪末生物大灭绝的古温度背景研究中,阐明西伯利亚大规模火山活动、碳同位素异常、生物灭绝与急剧升温事件的时间顺序。(2)通过对中上扬子地区瓜德鲁普统—乐平统界线地层典型剖面的野外调查、牙形刺生物地层对比,确定研究剖面茅口组—吴家坪组界线上下地层缺失情况,并根据地层出露、连续性等原则,选择湖南桑植仁村坪剖面为辅助对象,以验证广西来宾蓬莱滩、铁桥剖面相关研究结果。(3)基于连续、高密度采集的牙形刺样品,在蓬莱滩、铁桥、仁村坪剖面分别建立瓜德鲁普统—乐平统底部高分辨率牙形刺生物地层分带,确定三条工作剖面之间精细地层对比方案。(4)通过对蓬莱滩、铁桥、仁村坪剖面的牙形刺氧同位素分析,重建了Capitanian—Wuchiapingian早期古温度变化情况,以直接证据证实Capitanian期并不存在所谓的“Kamura event”。另外,Capitanian晚期发生“两幕式”古气候事件,包括持续、逐渐升温(约6 °C)及随后的快速降温(约4 °C)过程,可能与峨眉山大规模火山活动有关,并是导致瓜德鲁普世末期生物灭绝的重要原因之一。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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