溶液喷射纺纳米纤维纱线的可控制备及成纱机理研究

Aligned nanofiber yarn has recently been paid much attention by virtue of the good degree of crystal orientation, tensile strength, ease of processing weaving, knitting, and many excellent properties, which offer great potential applications such as electronic, optical transmission, and medicine application. The industrialization of nanofiber yarn by electrospinning has been bottleneck which restricts its further development because of its low efficiency. A new approach is proposed for mass production of nanofiber yarns by solution blowing process. In this project, auxiliary airflow device and a venturi tube receiver are proposed based on the solution blowing method, which constitute a sustainable continuous system for mass production of nanofiber yarns. Based on the characteristics of high-speed airflow field and the force analysis of polymer solution in high-speed airflow and auxiliary airflow, the stretch- twisting mathematical model of polymer solution will be established. The evolution of solution stream and nanofiber will be clear and definite. By discussing and optimizing the various process parameters, the experiment conditions of sustainable continuous nanofiber yarns are acquired. The project will provide the theoretical basis and technical support for large-scale production of nanofiber yarn.

取向纳米纤维纱线具有结晶度高、取向度好、抗拉强度大、易于编织等优异特性，在航天、微电子、光电传输以及医学等特殊领域已显示出巨大的应用潜力。静电纺丝纳米纤维纱线的制备效率较低，已成为制约该技术产业化的瓶颈。溶液喷射纺丝技术为纳米纤维纱线的规模化生产提供了新途径。本项目基于溶液喷射纺丝技术，增设辅助喷气气流装置和文丘里管接收装置，构建规模化连续制备纳米纤维纱线的新体系。研究聚合物溶液在高速气流和辅助喷气气流作用下的受力分析，建立射流在耦合双气流场中的拉伸-加捻力学模型，揭示射流-纳米纤维-纱线的演变历程；优化成纱工艺参数，实现溶液喷射纺纳米纤维纱线的可控制备。为纳米纤维纱线规模化生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。

纳米纤维因直径小、高比表面积和孔隙率等特点，已在多领域显示广阔的应用前景。但纳米纤维只有加工成连续的纱线，才能运用机织、针织、编制等纺织技术加工中，从而将其融合到更广阔、更有意义的市场中。溶液喷射纺丝技术作为近年来新兴起的新型纳米纤维制备技术，受到了国内外科研工作者的广泛关注。本项目基于溶液喷射纺丝技术，通过增设辅助喷气气流装置和文丘里管接收装置，构建了规模化连续制备纳米纤维纱线的新体系，设计加工了连续纺纱生产设备。通过对纺纱过程的分析，研究了纳米纤维的成纱机理，通过优化成纱工艺参数，实现了溶液喷射纺纳米纤维纱线的可控制备。并对制备得到的纳米纤维纱线的结构和性能进行了研究，结果表明，纳米纤维纱线具有强度高、电化学性能优异得特点，能够作为纱线状超级电容器等储能材料应用在智能可穿戴服装上。