爆炸灾损钢结构建筑安全性鉴定方法

How to grade safety evaluation for damaged structures under explosion has always been a troublesome problem in both academic and engineering fields. With the combination methods of theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and field investigations, this paper mainly studies the classification standards and identification methods for steel-frame structures which are damaged by explosive detonation or gas explosion. The following points are presented in this paper. Based on previous researches on dynamite blast load, an in-depth study on the law of spread and energy dissipation in gas explosive loading is carried out, and temperature variation curve and an accurate calculation method of blast load is put forward.The mechanical property and damage mechanism in steel members under the impact of blast wave, temperature and constant load is investigated. Meanwhile, the failure criterion and classification standards of steel members are discussed.The explosive response of structures is analyzed by finite element models. The analytical result is amended by the investigations from explosive sites. While, the structural damage and fracture mechanism is analyzed. Based on these, the structure security classification standards are set up. The evaluation method for safety classification of damaged steel-frame structures is systematically established, as well as,the project examples are presented. The development of this research will not only contribute to solving the problem of classification identification on explosive damaged steel-frame structures, but also ha important scientific value and practical significance.

如何对爆炸灾损钢结构的安全性进行分级评定一直是困扰学术界及工程界的难题。本项目采用理论分析、数值计算以及爆炸现场实地勘查相结合的研究方法，重点研究炸药爆炸和燃气爆炸钢结构建筑灾损分级标准及鉴定方法。在对炸药爆炸荷载研究的基础上，深入研究燃气爆炸荷载的传播与能量耗散规律，建立此类爆炸问题的环境温度变化曲线及冲击波精确计算方法；研究钢构件在冲击波、温度及恒荷载共同及分别作用下的力学性能及损伤机理，探索构件的失效准则及损伤分级标准；建立有限元模型，并对结构的爆炸响应进行计算分析，对比研究计算结果和爆炸现场的勘查结果，探索钢结构的损伤及破坏机理，制定钢结构灾损分级标准，从而系统的建立爆炸灾损钢结构建筑安全性鉴定方法，并给出工程实例。本项目的开展将有助于解决爆炸灾损钢结构安全性分级鉴定问题，具有重要的科学价值与实际意义。

本项目以钢结构建筑为研究对象，采用理论分析、数值计算和爆炸现场实地勘查检测相结合的研究方法，深入研究炸药爆炸、燃气爆炸钢结构建筑的灾损鉴定方法。首先对泸州“12.26”爆炸现场勘查及结构检测，搜集现场的第一手数据和资料，为以后的研究提供数据支持和实践指导；其次对炸药爆炸和燃气爆炸的荷载特性及当量计算，建立燃气爆炸与炸药爆炸的当量关系，建立燃气爆炸计算模型；在前面研究内容的基础上，对钢构件爆炸灾损破坏机理深入研究，明确构件承载力与爆炸荷载之间的变化关系，制定钢构件的灾损分级标准，进而深入研究钢结构建筑的爆炸灾损破坏机理及残余承载力等问题，根据钢结构建筑的爆炸响应计算结果、构件损伤的程度与数量、现场勘查检测结果、构件的构造及连接等综合因素，科学的制定钢结构建筑爆炸灾损分级标准；最后，合理的利用爆炸现场勘查结果，有效的进行计算分析，依据科学的构件和结构爆炸灾损分级标准，对钢结构建筑的安全性进行鉴定，提出爆炸灾损钢结构建筑安全性鉴定方法。