基于形状记忆复合材料的仿生减阻机翼蒙皮的力学分析

Novel drag-reduced technologies are always the pressing demands of commercial airplanes, such as large airplanes, to realize energy saving, emission reduction, and costs reduction. More than 8% friction drag of an aircraft could be decreased by Sharkskin-like microstructures. However, it is designed only for one flight speed by current developing fixed Sharkskin-like microstructures. There are different requirements of the constructions of the Sharkskin-like microstructures under different flight speeds. A novel controllable and affordable skin is urgently needed. Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) is a kind of smart materials, which has more than 100% strain deformation, as well as 200 times stiffness variation. Corrugated elastic fibers cured in Shape Memory Polymer, can lead to Sharkskin-like structures on the surface of the material under stretching. The morphology of the microstructure can be controlled by the tensile elongation, furthermore, the friction drag can be controlled. In this project, the constitutive equation for large deformation of elastic fibers enhanced SMP composites will be investigated. The surface control of SMP composites by different laying types of elastic fibers will be investigated. Three types of line, sine and triangle will be analyzed by FEM simulation and experimental methods under stretching and bending conditions. At last, the SMP composite morphing skins will be verified by CFD simulation and a designed morphing wing structure.

商用客机一直迫切需求新型减阻技术，以实现节能减排、降低成本。仿鲨鱼皮微结构可以减小飞机表面摩擦阻力8%以上。然而，目前研制的仿鲨鱼皮蒙皮都是固定的，只针对一个飞行速度设计；然而，飞机在不同飞行速度下，对蒙皮微观构型有不同的需求，急需一种表面形貌可控、且能承受气动载荷的蒙皮。形状记忆聚合物是一种新型的智能材料，具有可变形、变刚度等特性，是上述蒙皮的优选材料。将有波纹的弹性纤维固化在形状记忆聚合物内部，定向拉伸材料，在材料表面会形成仿鲨鱼皮结构，通过控制拉伸位移可以调控微结构的表面形貌，实现对飞机表面摩擦阻力的调控。本项目将建立弹性纤维增强形状记忆聚合物复合材料的大变形本构方程；研究不同纤维排布方式对形状记忆复合材料表面形貌控制，对直线型、正弦型和三角型排布的形状记忆复合材料在拉伸和弯曲条件下的变形进行有限元和实验分析；最后通过可变形机翼结构对形状记忆复合材料蒙皮进行CFD仿真分析和实验验证。

商用客机一直迫切需求新型减阻技术，以实现节能减排、降低成本。仿鲨鱼皮微结构可以减小飞机表面摩擦阻力8%以上。然而，目前研制的仿鲨鱼皮蒙皮都是固定的，只针对一个飞行速度设计；然而，飞机在不同飞行速度下，对蒙皮微观构型有不同的需求，急需一种表面形貌可控、且能承受气动载荷的蒙皮。形状记忆聚合物是一种新型的智能材料，具有可变形、变刚度等特性，是上述蒙皮的优选材料。将有波纹的弹性纤维固化在形状记忆聚合物内部，定向拉伸材料，在材料表面会形成仿鲨鱼皮结构，通过控制拉伸位移可以调控微结构的表面形貌，实现对飞机表面摩擦阻力的调控。本项目将建立弹性纤维增强形状记忆聚合物复合材料的大变形本构方程；对形状记忆复合材料在拉伸和弯曲条件下的变形进行有限元和实验分析；最后通过可变形机翼结构对形状记忆复合材料蒙皮进行CFD仿真分析和实验验证。