室内场景高频段无线信道测量、参数估计、建模与评估研究

The high-frequency band is very important for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication. There is a lack of complete knowledge of the channel propagation characteristics about the entire high frequency band, because the existing channel measurements and modeling been done only in a number of discrete frequency bands. In this project, we will build a channel measurement system based on vector network analyzer (VNA) and microwave signal source (PSG) to conduct indoor channel measurement in band of 6~40GHz, mainly with the means of translating omnidirectional antenna to form a virtual antenna array, and with the help of sounding with VNA + PSG + rotating horn antenna, and sounding with broadband sounding system + real antenna array as well. The high-resolution parameters estimation algorithm based on spherical wave model and multi-band parameters update estimation algorithm are developed to separate each path in the spatial and delay domain, and find the relationship between path parameters and total path number with varying frequency and antenna position. After obtaining the location and statistical parameters of the scatterer clusters, a parametric COST stochastic channel model was established to support large frequency range, spherical wave propagation and DMC characteristics. The model is evaluated based on the error propagation theory and analog-digital hybrid precoding transmission scheme. This research will greatly enrich the indoor high-frequency channel measurement data set and model resources. It will benefit indoor high-frequency transmission for 5G or future communication in technical research and development, system design and spectrum planning and other aspects, etc.

高频段信道对第五代（5G）移动通信非常重要，目前已完成的信道测量和建模仅在若干离散频段开展，缺乏对整个高频段信道传播特性的完整认识。我们基于矢量网络分析仪（VNA）和微波信号源（PSG）搭建信道测量系统，以平移全向天线形成虚拟天线阵列为主，以VNA+PSG+喇叭天线旋转扫描、宽带探测系统+实天线阵列测量为辅，开展室内6~40GHz频段的信道测量；开发基于球面波模型的高分辨率参数估计算法和多频段参数更新估计算法，在空间角度域和时延域区分出每条路径，并发现路径参数和总路径数目随频率、天线位置变化的规律；获得散射体簇的位置及统计参数，建立支持大频率范围、球面波传播、DMC特征的参数化COST统计信道模型；基于误差传播理论和模拟数字混合预编码传输方案评估模型的可靠性。研究将极大丰富室内高频段信道的测量数据和模型资源，为5G或未来通信的室内高频段传输提供在技术研发、系统设计和频谱规划等层面的帮助。

高频段信道具有许多明显不同于 6GHz 以下蜂窝移动通信信道的特征，如大的传播损耗、信道变化快速、低绕射能力等。开发新的可工作在高频段的 5G 系统，需要这些频段的精确传播模型。项目组基于现有的实验条件，通过理论研究、射线追踪仿真、以及实测数据分析等方式，进行基于球面波模型的高分辨率参数估计算法开发与验证、研究传播路径参数和统计参数随频率变化的规律，获得大频率范围传播信道的完整特征，以及统计模型构建与验证，取得了多项成果。针对不同的信道测量手段，例如旋转喇叭天线、平移全向天线构成的虚拟天线阵列，以及配备模拟数字混合波束赋形阵列，开发相应的高分辨率信道参数估计算法。通过射线追踪仿真、信道实测对3~40GHz室内不同场景下（楼梯井、地下车库、办公大楼）的信道特性进行研究，基于SV模型、GBSM模型和5G标准信道模型（QuaDRiGA）建立若干重要模型。.研究成果发表论文31篇，包括期刊论文 15篇，其中IEEE汇刊9 篇，1篇文章入选ESI高被引论文；国际会议论文16篇，包括ICC、GlobeCom、VTC等知名国际会议；授权一项国家发明专利；相关研究成果获得2020年度青岛市自然科学奖三等奖。