基于形状记忆合金驱动的柔性蒙皮结构设计及其力学行为

For the demand of the morphing wing, the structural design of the flexible skin actuated by shape memory and its mechanical behavior was studied by theoretical and experimental methods. This skin is an integrated structure composed of flexible cellular cores and elastic face sheets. It overcomes the drawbacks of the existing resin matrix composite flexible skin that is one-dimensionally deformable with small achievable deformation but large driving force required. On the basis of the theory of cellular material and composite material mechanics theory, the performance characteristics of the flexible cellular core and elastic face sheet are thoroughly and systematically investigated as well as other influence factors. From the two aspects of mechanics and interfacial characteristics, the research reveals the influence of elastic face sheet, cellular core and interfacial mechanical characteristics on the mechanical properties of the flexible skin and its macroscopic deformation. Through the analysis of the mechanical properties and macroscopic deformation of the flexible skin under different boundary conditions and actuating forces, the relation between the amplitude and distribution of the actuating force and the mechanical properties and macroscopic deformation of the flexible skin after deformation is explored and its actuating mechanism is also got, which offers the theoretical foundation for the design of the shape memory alloy actuator and its optimization. Finally, the performance and properties of the skin are experimentally tested and verified.

针对变体飞行器的需求,项目应用理论与实验相结合的方法，研究基于形状记忆合金驱动的柔性蒙皮结构设计及其力学行为。该蒙皮结构由柔性胞状支撑体与弹性表层集成而得，突破了现有的树脂基复合材料柔性蒙皮仅适用于一维方向变形、变形量小且所需驱动力大的不足。基于胞状材料理论及复合材料力学理论，深入系统地探索柔性胞状支撑体和弹性表层的力学性能及其影响因素；从力学和界面特性两方面，揭示弹性表层、胞状结构和界面力学特性对蒙皮力学性能和宏观变形的影响规律；通过对不同边界条件、外驱动力作用下蒙皮的力学行为及宏观变形分析，探索驱动力大小、分布与变形后蒙皮的力学性能及宏观形变的关系，获得驱动机理，为形状记忆合金驱动器的设计和位置优化提供理论依据，并从实验角度对蒙皮进行功能验证和性能测试。

项目面向变体飞行器的自适应变形需求，设计了一种基于SMA驱动器且所需驱动能量小的智能蒙皮结构。从蒙皮结构优化设计、优化结构的变形性能评价、基于SMA丝的驱动器设计、智能蒙皮的力学行为等方面开展了理论研究和实验测试分析。该蒙皮结构由柔性胞状支撑体与弹性表层集成而得，突破了现有的树脂基复合材料柔性蒙皮仅适用于一维方向变形、变形量小且所需驱动力大的不足。基于胞状材料理论及复合材料力学理论，深入系统地探索柔性胞状支撑体和弹性表层的力学性能及其影响因素；从力学和界面特性两方面，揭示弹性表层、胞状结构和界面力学特性对蒙皮力学性能和宏观变形的影响规律；通过对不同边界条件、外驱动力作用下蒙皮的力学行为及宏观变形分析，探索驱动力大小、分布与变形后蒙皮的力学性能及宏观形变的关系，获得驱动机理，为形状记忆合金驱动器的设计和位置优化提供理论依据，并从实验角度对蒙皮进行功能验证和性能测试。项目共计发表高水平学术论文15篇，授权发明专利2件，培养国家级青年人才1名，硕博士6名。相关成果对于我国变体飞行器的研制具有一定的借鉴作用，并已在部分型号研制中得到了实际应用，服务了国家重大战略的需求。