老君山自然保护区丝膜菌、锈革孔菌多样性及其应用基础研究

Laojun Mountain Natural Reserve is rich in fungal resources and two dominant group—Cortinarius and Hymenochaetaceae act as research object. The aim of this project is to reveal the species diversity of Cortinarius and Hymenochaetaceae by combining with morphological and molecular systematic analysis. The results are hopeful for uncover the unique or new species. Then, based on the biodiversity results, we aim to screen the species that are sensitive to ecological factors for exploring new species used in environmental monitoring. In addition, we aim to screen the biodegradable lignin strains belong to Hymenochaetaceae, which yield higher lignin degradation active enzyme and are strongly resistant to the environmental stresses. Then, the enzyme activity, biological characteristics, best enzyme production conditions and physical and chemical properties of the enzyme production of these strains were investigated. Meanwhile, explore optimum microbial inoculums by collocate and optimize strains mixture. The results will provide application data for the development and utilization of Cortinarius and Hymenochaetaceae.

本项目选择老君山自然保护区的两个优势类群—丝膜菌属和锈革孔菌科的真菌作为研究对象，结合形态学和分子系统学分析丝膜菌属和锈革孔菌科真菌的物种多样性，有望发现有应用价值的特有种或新种；在此基础上，筛选对生态因子敏感的丝膜菌属的环境监测物种；同时，筛选产较高木质素降解活性酶且对环境抗性较强的锈革孔菌科真菌菌株，并对菌株产酶活性、生物学特性、最佳产酶条件及其所产酶的理化性质进行研究，探索优选菌株混合搭配的最佳菌剂；研究结果将为丝膜菌和锈革孔菌的开发利用提供应用数据。

丝膜菌属是一个复杂的属，目前已知有3000多种。本研究旨在揭示滇西北老君山自然保护区丝膜菌的多样性；评估某些生态因素（如海拔、植被类型、土壤理化性质）是否影响了丝膜菌物种的存在。结果表明：在研究区域内，丝膜菌的多样性和物种组成受到大多数环境因素的影响，包括植被类型、海拔、土壤性质、冠层密度等。丝膜菌的发生与环境变量之间存在关联，其中拟荷叶丝膜菌和鳞丝膜菌可以监测速效铁的变化，拟盔孢伞丝膜菌和血红丝膜菌可以监测速效镁的变化，喜山丝膜菌和环带柄丝膜菌可以监测速效锰的变化，铬黄丝膜菌、暗褐丝膜菌可以有效反映有机质含量的变化，变色丝膜菌与海拔、土壤含水量相关性高。. 本研究从老君山采集标本，并分离纯化出菌株。然后采用人工筛选法从中选择部分木腐菌进行了产LMLs（即木质素降解酶：Lac、MnP、LiP）的筛选，以获得高产LMLs的菌株及锈革孔菌。通过对高产LMLs的菌株进行对峙培养以及玻片小培养实验，筛选出菌株之间拮抗作用弱的菌株，用来构建复合菌系。然后对其生物学特性进行研究，筛选出最适培养基及其营养元素，并以木质素降解率为响应值，对培养条件进行响应面优化，以获得最佳的培养条件。