基于手术室的人体气溶胶散发模式与环境控制方法研究

Indoor environment in clean operating room is of great importance for the control of the surgical site infection, the decrease of abuse of antibiotics, and the reduction of medical disputes. With current limited study for particle generation of occupants inside clean operating room, the study on aerosol dissemination mode from occupants in clean operating room and environmental control measures is proposed. Special attention to the particle generation characteristic of occupants in the prone position, standing posture and walking conditions. When the requirement of temperature, humidity, and velocity at the critical position is satisfied and the aerosol deposition concentration at the critical surface is reduced, this proposal aims to reduce the air change rate and to increase the anti-disturbance performance. Then the aerosol distribution inside the clean operating room is investigated, where air supply ceiling with air curtain is used. Technique methods including theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and laboratory test will be applied. The release and transport mechanisms of aerosol under the combined effect of the occupant thermal plume and the supplied airflow will be investigated. The transport mechanism of aerosol in multi-scale and multi-flow field in the clean operating room will be studied. The research findings will be applied to evaluate the performance of the air curtain supply system, so that the air supply mechanism and the feature of enlarged mainstream area by air curtain free jet can be better understood. This proposal will provide the scientific support and technical measures to reduce the surgical site infection and reduce the operational energy consumption.

洁净手术室室内环境对于控制手术部位感染、降低抗生素滥用和减少医疗纠纷具有重要意义。针对目前缺乏手术室内人员发尘方面的研究不足，本课题提出基于手术室的人体气溶胶散发模式与环境控制方法研究。重点研究人员在卧姿、站姿和走动状态下的产尘规律。并以此为基础，在保证关键区域送风温湿度、风速要求和降低表面污染物沉降浓度前提下，以降低手术室换气次数和提高抗干扰性能为目的，研究诱导型空气幕送风手术室中气溶胶的分布特性。运用理论分析、数值模拟和实验室测试等技术手段，重点研究气溶胶在人体热羽流和送风气流综合作用下的释放和输运机理，揭示气幕自由射流扩大主流区的送风机理和特性，并定量分析该系统的节能潜力。该研究为降低基层医院手术部位感染风险并减少运行能耗提供科学支持和技术保障。

洁净手术室是手术治疗及救助患者的特殊区域，手术室内需要维持高洁净度的环境，从而降低手术部位感染的发生率，减少对患者健康产生的危害。基于模型手术室，该项目进行了手术室人员产尘和动态环境与静态环境的实验研究，研究了人员在活动状态对室内环境的影响。并以此为基础，在保证关键区域送风温湿度、风速要求和降低表面污染物沉降浓度前提下，以降低手术室换气次数和提高抗干扰性能为目的，研究了诱导型空气幕送风手术室中气溶胶的分布特性，揭示了气幕系统扩大主流区的送风机理和抗干扰特性。运用了理论分析、数值模拟和实验室测试等技术手段，重点研究了气溶胶在人体热羽流和送风气流综合作用下的扩散特性。本项目不仅揭示了手术环境中综合因素影响下的气流组织分布、污染颗粒输运特性，同时为降低基层医院手术部位感染风险并减少运行能耗提供科学支持和技术保障。