适用于光子轨道角动量通信的光纤和光纤器件的研究

The development of optical communication is gradually approaching its own limit. The light's orbital angular momentum(OAM) multiplexing technology provides a new dimension to the communication. Its importance is equivalent to the most basic and important technology in the optical comunication, such as wavelength division multiplexing and time division multiplexing thechnologies. The OAM multiplexing technology was born no more than two years, and the researches of this topic were mainly focused on the free space communication. In fact, fiber optics communication plays a much more important role.The goal of this proposal is to bring the OAM mutiplexing technology into the optics fiber, which can enlarge the capacity of a single fiber amazingly. To achieve this goal, many basic works need to be done, including designing and drawing novel fibers in which the photons with OAM can transmit for long enough distance, as well as the designing and manufacturing various types of OAM fiber devices: fiber optics OAM filters, fiber optic OAM isolators, fiber optics circulators, fiber optics OAM dispersion compensators. All of these are the most basic fiber optics devices. This project is a high innovative and pioneering research topic, which can enlarge the channel capacity from another dimension. Its ultimate goal is to enrich people's communication and life.

近年来光通信的发展非常快，逐渐触碰到了自身的理论极限。光子轨道角动量（Orbital Angular Momentum， OAM）复用技术能够提供新的通讯自由度，其重要性等同于波分复用、时分复用等光通讯中最基础、最重要的技术。光子轨道角动量复用技术诞生时间不到两年，大都是基于空间光通讯的。事实上，光纤通讯才是光通讯的最重要方向。本项目目标是将光子轨道角动量复用技术拓展到光纤中。做到这一点需要完成大量的基础性工作，其中包括设计和拉制适合带有OAM光子长距离传播的光纤，以及设计和制备各类OAM光纤器件：光纤OAM滤波器，光纤OAM隔离器，光纤OAM环行器，光纤OAM色散补偿器等一系列最基础光纤器件。 本项目是一个极具创新性和开拓性的课题，能够从另一自由度极大的扩大单光纤的信道容量。其最终目的是丰富人们的沟通和生活。

本项目研究了光纤内的光子轨道角动量模式状态、分类并建议了一套有效的命名规则，可以很容易的从模式名称的各个角标得到光子轨道角动量模式的轨道角动量量子数，自旋方向，以及场强和相位分布。本项目有研究了多种光纤器件用于改变光子在光纤内外的行为，包括全光纤光子轨道角动量发生器，光纤端面光子轨道角动量光的激发，可调光纤滤波器以及应用等。另外本项目尝试设计制备了新型的特种光纤，期望后期能应用到光纤轨道角动量通信。