The size and structure-dependent physicochemical properties have always attracted much attention as a fundamental scientific problem. In metastable nanocrystalline colloidal solutions, the growth and phase transition of nanocrystallines are both evidently influenced by the interface interactions between the molecules of medium and nanocrystallines. Clarifying the mechanism of the molecules induced-growth and phase transition of nanocrystallines is urgently expected for getting nanocrystallines with desired size, structures and performances. In this project, the widely studied elemental semiconductors such as Si, Ge, Se, and Te are selected as target materials, by using the unique technique of laser ablation in liquids (LAL) that developed in our research group, we plan at synthesizing highly reactive and monosized colloidal clusters dispersed in the mediums with different polarities, understanding the insights of the interaction mechanism between molecules and the initial nanocrystallines, and its effects on the growth and phase transition of initial metastable nanocrystallines. The project also plan to explore the evolution of size, morphology and structure of initial nanocrystallines during the processes of growth and phase transition, to capture the intermediate of nanocrystallines with designed size, structure and morphology, and understand the fundamental physicochemical properties, such as chemical reductive abilities, optical properties in association with the size and structures. The success of this project, will not only provide substantial knowledge regarding the properties of nanoparticles in colloidal solutions, but also give useful and solid evidences for the controllable growth of nanomaterials with metastable phases.
尺寸、结构依赖的材料物性是纳米科学中一直备受关注的基本科学问题。亚稳态纳米晶胶体溶液体系中,介质分子与纳米晶在固/液界面上的结合特征对纳米晶的生长与相变有显著的诱导作用,澄清介质分子对纳米晶生长与相变的诱导机制,是实现特定尺寸、结构和功能纳米晶可控生长的必要前提。项目以半导体Si,Ge,Se,Te为研究对象,利用课题组发展的液相激光熔蚀技术为手段,获得特定极性介质分子分散的、高活性且均一尺寸分布的胶体团簇,探讨介质分子与初始态纳米晶在固/液界面上的相互作用机制,研究其对亚稳纳米晶生长和相变的影响,揭示初始态纳米晶生长和相变过程中尺寸、形貌和结构的变化规律,捕获具有特定尺寸、结构和形貌特征的亚稳相中间态,研究纳米晶奇异的化学还原性、光学特性,及其与尺寸和结构的关联性。项目的实施将为研究胶体溶液体系中纳米颗粒的物性提供坚实的技术与物质基础,且为亚稳相纳米材料的可控生长提供可供参考的科学依据。
液相激光熔蚀技术(LAL)作为一种独特的自上而下纳米材料合成技术,可以在不同液相介质中制备半金属、贵金属、半导体化合物、合金等多种类型的胶体纳米材料。本项目基于液相激光熔蚀技术,在水、乙醇、丙酮等小分子分散介质中制备了不同尺度和结构的亚稳态Ge、Se、Te纳米晶胶体溶液,深入研究了亚稳态纳米晶基于表面效应和量子尺寸效应的独特物性,以及溶剂分子与颗粒表面之间的界面作用诱导的亚稳态纳米晶生长与组装过程。基于这些研究内容,获得多项重要研究结果:(1)通过更换液相介质,获得了不同尺寸分布的Ge纳米颗粒,并且发现介质分子对于Ge纳米颗粒的物性有关键性的影响。在水中获得Ge纳米颗粒并没有荧光特性,然而在乙醇中制备的Ge纳米颗粒却具有非常强的荧光性能;但是水中获得的Ge纳米颗粒表面具有很多不饱和配位的Ge原子,可以与有机分子键合并改变其相应物性。(2)利用LAL在水中获得了高活性的亚稳态Se纳米晶,通过更换溶剂分子,如乙醇、丙酮,可以调控Se纳米晶到纳米线生长与组装的动力学过程,在此过程中加入氧化石墨(GO),还可以获得独特的Se/GO纳米电缆结构;此外,通过加入Sb高活性胶体,可以催化诱导Se纳米晶自组装形成大长径比的Se纳米带。(3)在水、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮及二氯甲烷五种溶剂中获得高活性的Te团簇。在不同溶剂分子中Te团簇都会经历纳米链、聚集体和微米球三个生长与组装形态。但是其生长与组装的动力学过程差异很大,与溶剂分子的极性、介电常数以及胶体溶液的Zeta电势等有密切关联。此外Te团簇及纳米链均展现出很强的还原特性,可以还原多种贵金属离子,如PtCl6−,AuCl4−,为合成具有不同尺寸与结构的贵金属催化剂材料提供了有效的技术手段。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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