适应性行为对生态网络结构和稳定性影响的研究

With the skills of network analysis, the distinctive structures of ecological systems of the community or the ecosystem community have been abstractly revealed in recent years. The study data around the world shows the ecological network has its own internal structural patterns such as the structure of embedded network and of the hostile network , which is of great significance to the stability of the community , the surviving existence of the species , the functions of ecological system and its services.Our study in recent years has found that the adaptive behavior regulation of species' can accurately predict the structure of the ecological network, which further proves that the adaptive behavior is an organizational strength of the ecological network structure ,and affects the community's stability.In order to study how the species' behaviors have an influence on the community or ecosystem level, with the principle of the adaptive power system,the project aims to build a dynamic model in the process of convergence behavior , ecology and evolution in their three different time scales.With the model, it effectively studies the dynamic influence from the behavior on a smaller time scale to ecology and evolution on a larger time scale, and consequently discovers the mechanism of ecological network structure and its stability. The protection and restoration of the ecosystem will be provided from the levels of the regulation of the species' behaviors , evolution and ecological processes.

近年来用网络分析技巧抽象的揭示了群落或生态系统的群落结构特点。世界各地的研究数据说明生态网络具有内在的结构模式，譬如互惠网络的嵌入结构和敌对网络的模块化结构，这种非随机结构对群落的稳定性、物种的续存、生态系统的功能和服务具有重要意义。我们近几年的研究发现，物种适应性行为调节可以准确地预测生态网络的结构，也说明适应性行为是生态网络结构的一种组织力量，通过其驱动的网络结构影响了群落的稳定性。为了研究物种的行为如何在群落或生态系统水平上产生了影响，本项目将用适应性动力系统的原理，通过衔接行为、生态和进化三个不同时间尺度上的过程，构建一个跨时间尺度的动态模型，通过模型可以使我们有效地研究较小时间尺度上的行为对更大时间尺度上的生态和进化的动态影响，由此揭示生态网络结构和稳定性的机理。本项目的研究结果将从物种的行为调节、生态过程和进化的等层面对生态系统的保护和恢复提供支撑。

网络分析技术在生态学中的应用揭示出了生态群落特有的结构特点，生态网络结构复杂地影响了生态系统的稳定性和恢复力，研究生态网络结构产生的机理是理解和保护生态系统的必要前提。在网络框架下，我们研究了不同时间尺度上的生态过程（包括适应性行为、生态动态和进化动态）对生态网络结构形成的作用。首先，提出了动物觅食的最优行为策略，说明了动物觅食是局部状态依赖的适应性过程；进而证明了生物利用资源的适应性行为是生态网络结构形成的原因；最后发现高维进化系统具有不确定性且存在进化陷阱；由于群落构成的可变性和进化滞后，生态群落可能是次优的网络结构。