基于形态与分子数据的中国伪蝎目（蛛形纲）系统发育研究

Pseudoscorpiones is one of the important groups in Arachnida, and its species richness is the top fourth in Arachnida. But the systematic research of Pseudoscorpiones is very poor in China, and the main problems in systematics are: (1) the pseudoscorpion individuals are small (2-8mm), and with secret habitat, and difficult to be found, so they are often ignored, resulting in species invistigation not enough on pseudoscorpion; ( 2) the previously described species are not fine, and lack of detailed characteristic illustrations, especially differences in the similar species often appear ready to accept either course condition, causing serious synonym phenomenon; ( 3 )the taxonomic research of pseudoscorpion only on the α-level, and the lack of a clear and stable evolutionary classification feature, causing the phylogenetic relationship of missing. This project intends to Chinese pseudoscorpion as the research object, in the base wide range of collecting and loan the specimen, from the morphylogy level and molecular level to find the stable classification feature to clarify difficult species and synonyms, solve historical bequeath problem; to analysis pseudoscorpion phylogenetic relationships, construct the phylogenetic tree which conforms to or close to the group in the evolutionary history, solve the problem of classification system. This project on the topic of clarifying Chinesee pseudoscorpiones systematics research in chaos has important significance.

伪蝎目是蛛形纲中的重要类群，其物种丰富度在蛛形纲中位居第四。但我国对该类群的研究相当贫乏，其系统学研究面临的主要问题是：（1）伪蝎个体小且习性隐秘，难以被发现，因而导致种类调查不全；（2）早期发现的物种描述不够精细，缺乏细致的特征图，特别是在近似种的区别上常出现模棱两可的状况，造成同物异名现象严重；（3）中国伪蝎的研究仅局限于α-水平的种类记述，造成缺乏明确且稳定的性状特征，系统发育关系研究缺失。本课题拟以我国伪蝎为研究对象，在广泛采集和借阅标本的基础上，从经典形态分类和分子系统学两个层面上，找出符合系统发育分析的稳定的性状特征，重新修正疑难种类，厘清同物异名，解决历史遗留问题，进行伪蝎目的系统发育关系分析，构建符合或接近该类群进化历史的系统树，解决分类体系问题。本课题的研究对澄清我国伪蝎目系统学研究中存在的混乱具有重要意义。

本课题以我国蛛形纲中的重要类群--伪蝎为研究对象，在全国21个省市区进行了广泛采集，共采集伪蝎标本8000余号；并从4个科研单位借阅伪蝎标本；在此基础上共发现伪蝎1个新纪录科、2新属、10新纪录属、25新种、9新纪录种、4新发现，使我国的伪蝎达到近200种，较研究前提高50%；发表文章14篇（其中SCI 文章9篇）。在尽可能充分调查和鉴定中国伪蝎目物种的基础上，结合网上已有的国外伪蝎数据，选取线粒体基因COI片段，核基因18S rRNA和28S rRNA等片段，利用多种计算方法和软件分析了我国全锯梳下目伪蝎各总科之间以及螯伪蝎总科各科之间的系统发育关系，修订和建立符合或接近该类群进化历史的系统分类体系。