黏附性可控超疏水表面的制备及相关性能研究

The recent progress in the fabrication and application of superhydrophobic surfaces urgently needs to fabricate and use the superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable adhesion. Among the many characteristics of superhydrophobic surfaces, the adhesion is extremely important，which directly determines the dynamic behavior of liquids on superhydrophobic surfaces. In this project, the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable adhesion and related properties will be studied systematically. The superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable adhesion will be fabricated through controlling the composition and proportional of the suspensions, which are composed of oxide nanoparticles grafted with certain chain length low surface energy materials. The problem, how to prepare the superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable adhesion, will be solved by controlling the different hydrophilic/hydrophobic micro-region density of the sprayed surfaces. Basing on the above research results, the adhesive property of the superhydrophobic surfaces and contact angle will be investigated systematically. Dynamic adhesive mechanism is also revealed by studying the adhesive stability and the influences under external pressing action. The major research achievement of the project not only can provide examples and materials support for the preparation of the superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable adhesion, but also can further understand the adhesive mechanism, which has great theoretical significances and application values to resolve the problems of superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable adhesion which are difficult to prepare and the ambiguous relationship between the adhesive property and contact angle.

超疏水表面技术的发展对其黏附性的调控提出了迫切的要求，因为表面的黏附性直接决定了液滴的动态行为。因此，本项目将系统深入的开展黏附性可控超疏水表面的制备及相关性能的研究工作，通过控制所喷涂悬浮液的组成(未接枝和接枝一定链长低表面能物质的氧化物纳米颗粒）和比例来实现对所喷涂表面亲水/疏水微区域密度的调控从而来解决黏附性可控超疏水表面难以制备的问题。在此基础上，考察超疏水表面的黏附性与其接触角的关系，并开展压缩水滴的动态黏附行为工作。通过本项目的实施，一方面可以为黏附性可控超疏水表面的制备提供实例和材料支持，另一方面可以促进超疏水表面黏附机理的基础研究，这对解决黏附性可控超疏水表面难制备以及超疏水表面的黏附性与其浸润性的关系比较模糊等问题具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

在超疏水表面众多的特性当中, 黏附性的研究显得极为重要, 因为表面的黏附性直接决定了液体在超疏水表面上的动态行为。因此, 本项目对“黏附性可控超疏水表面的制备及相关性能研究”进行了系统和深入的理论和实验研究, 主要体现了以下几个方面的研究成果。1、利用一步喷涂法喷涂亲水和疏水颗粒的混合物,通过控制混合物颗粒中疏水颗粒的百分含量来调控表面亲水/疏水微区域的密度进而实现对其表面成分的有效调控，从而在保持表面形貌不变的情况下得到了黏附性能可控的超疏水表面实现了其滚动角的可控变化。通过调控亲疏水颗粒的比例制备黏附性可控超疏水表面的方法具有普适性,可作为一般原则加以推广。2、利用黏附性可控超疏水表面黏附力的差异，首次实现了对不同体积大小的微液滴进行了选择性转移。当扮演“机械手”角色的超疏水表面的黏附力大于水滴的重力时,水滴就能够被黏附并转移, 否则, 水滴无法被转移。3、获得了超疏水表面浸润性能与黏附性能的定性规律。超疏水表面的滚动角与黏附力随着接触角的下降而增大。压缩水滴的实验表明, 接触模型为Cassie state的低黏附超疏水表面即使水滴被压缩的严重变形仍然具有稳定的超疏水性能和低黏附性能, 而接触模型为metastable state和Wenzel state的中黏附和高黏附超疏水表面压缩水滴后润湿性能由超疏水变为亲水。 4、考察了超疏水表面黏附性能对油水分离和防腐蚀等性能的影响。研究结果表明, 超疏水表面的黏附性能对油水分离过程几乎没有影响, 然而对防腐蚀性能有显著影响, 与高黏附涂层相比低黏附超疏水涂层显著降低了腐蚀电流和提高了阻抗模值。本项目按时完成了预定任务。发表SCI期刊收录论文25篇, 获授权中国发明专利1项, 培养硕士毕业生3名。