基于组分结构理论的安息香镇痛物质基础研究

Pain is an unpleasant sensation caused by the actual or potential tissue damage and is also a kind of early warning mechanism, which prevent the body from oppression or further damage. It is one of the serious problems disturbing the healthy of people. The researchs on pain have become the hot issue of neurology. In the exploration of analgesia drug research, traditonal chinese medicine and natural medicine have more and more highlights because of their good efficacy without addiction, less adverse reactions and abundant resources, which attracted the attention of people. Benzoin, a resin from the trunk of Styrax tonkinensis (Pier.) Craib, was recorded to have good analgestic effect in some traditional and modern chinese medicine books, but the research on material basis of benzoin was few reported in the existing literature. On the basis of constituent and combined with efficacy, researching "three levels multidimensional structure" of the material basis with analgestic effect from benzoin and respectively expounding compound structure, the best ratio between triterpene group and aromatic compounds group and of the compounds in the same group, is a new thought in traditional chinese medicine research on material base.

疼痛是由实际的或潜在的组织损伤所引起的不愉快感觉，也是一种预警机制，防止机体遭受压迫或进一步损伤，是当今困扰人类健康的严重问题之一。疼痛研究已经成为当前神经科学研究的热点问题。在对镇痛药物的探索研究中，中药、天然药已越来越凸显其药效良好、无成瘾性、不良反应少及资源丰富等优势，引起人们的重视。安息香为安息香科植物越南安息香Styrax tonkinensis (Pier.) Craib树干渗出的香树脂，据一些传承下来的以及现代中医药著作记载，安息香具有良好的镇痛功效，关于其物质基础研究，鲜有文献报道。根据"组份结构理论"，结合药效，研究安息香具有镇痛作用物质基础的"三个层次多维结构"，分别阐明其单体化合物结构、三萜类成分组和芳香类化合物成分组之间的最佳配比以及各类化合物中单体化合物的配比组成，是中药研究物质基础研究的一个新的思路。

安息香为安息香科植物越南安息香Styrax tonkinensis (Pier.) Craib树干渗出的香树脂，具有镇痛功效。经查阅文献，我们发现国内外关于安息香的物质基础，无论是在镇痛方面，还是在其他药效方面，几乎是空白。国外文献集中于安息香属各植物的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性，主要研究植物的茎、叶等部位，但却很少涉及到安息香，而国内文献的关注点则主要在于安息香的鉴定、栽培等方面，未涉及其物质基础研究。虽然在《中药大辞典》之类专著中有所提及安息香的化学成分，但都是泛泛带过，笼统不清。由此可见，关于安息香的化学成分，研究的并不透彻。基于此，我们对安息香所含的化学成分进行了系统的分离工作，得到19个化合物，其中2个为新化合物，4个为从本属植物首次发现；对安息香的镇痛活性进行了探索，发现石油醚萃取部位的活性最为明显；对安息香中总三萜的含量进行了测定，安息香的总三萜含量可达16.8%，安息香为一个富含三萜类成分的中药；对安息香具有抗动脉粥样硬化的作用进行了探索性研究。