表面接枝含磷阻燃剂的可膨胀石墨制备及其阻燃聚氨酯机理的研究

The aim of this project is to prepare flame retarded polyurethane foam. The sol-gel method will be used to deposit inorgannic materials.with reactive hydroxy onto the surface of expandable graphite. Some phosphate containing flame retardants would be grafted onto the the surface of expandable graphite through silane agents. The prepared phosphate flame retardant immobillized expandable graphite could have both gas phase and solid phase flame retardant mechanism. The flame retardant mechanism and char formation of the polyurethane incorporated with phosphate flame retardant immobillized expandable graphite will be investigated. The synergistic effect of the phosphate flame retardants and expandable graphite will be proposed. A new idea and method to improve the flame retardant property of polyurethane would be suggested. This project would establish some basic theory for preparation of the halogen free flame retardant polyurethane foams with good performance and low price.

本项目针对可膨胀石墨（EG）阻燃聚氨酯（PUF）但劣化材料机械性能的问题，提出通过溶胶凝胶法向EG表面沉积带有羟基的无机粒子，再以硅烷偶联剂为桥联将含磷阻燃剂接枝到EG表面，制备兼具气相和固相阻燃作用的功能粒子，提高EG阻燃PUF的效率，同时改善EG与PUF的相容性，提高材料的力学性能。研究表面接枝含磷阻燃剂的EG对PUF降解过程与成炭情况的影响规律；明确改性EG对PUF燃烧过程的影响机制，力图建立含磷阻燃剂与EG协同提高PUF阻燃性能的模型；提出改性PUF阻燃性能的新思路和新方法，为制备高性能低成本无卤阻燃PUF提供理论指导。

本项目设计并成功制备了一种核壳型无机纳米粒子包覆的可膨胀石墨，作为硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料（RPUF）的无卤阻燃剂，这是首次报道利用无机纳米材料制备复合可膨胀石墨阻燃剂以提高聚氨酯发泡材料的阻燃性，同时也为提高膨胀型阻燃剂的阻燃效率提供了新的研究思路。合成的核壳结构可膨胀石墨与含磷阻燃剂具有很好的协同作用，对于聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有优异的阻燃效果，因此项目研究成果在无卤阻燃聚氨酯保温泡沫材料中拥有很好的应用前景。项目按计划进行，完成了预定的研究任务，实现了预定的研究目标。