超高海拔公路隧道火灾燃烧与烟流动态特性及控制方法

The number and mileage of the ultra high altitude road tunnels with the altitude higher than 3500m are increasing significantly in West China. The road tunnel fire control is considered to be highly different from the plain due to the "three lows" environment characteristics at ultra high altitude region. Some scientific problems on combustion and fire smoke flow dynamic characteristics and control method consequently need to be studied and solved promptly..This project is focused on the ultra high altitude road tunnels. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation of mixtures concentration distribution and moveable model tunnel fire experiment will be employed to study effects of altitude, combustion material, fire size and ventilation speed on the combustion and fire smoke flow dynamic characteristics under the "three lows" environment condition. The effective smoke control method is subsequently provided. This project is considered to be highly meaningful to theory and application..Through this study, it is expected to build up the design method of fire size, find out the combustion smoke characteristics, and understand the smoke flow dynamic characteristics in the ultra high altitude road tunnels. Furthermore, the longitudinal smoke temperature distribution model and the smoke control method will be proposed. The conclusion is believed to be quite helpful for the designing of evacuation and fire ventilation in the ultra high altitude road tunnels.

我国西部高原地区海拔3500m以上的超高海拔公路隧道数量和里程不断增长，超高海拔地区“三低”环境特征使得公路隧道火灾安全控制与平原地区存在显著差别，隧道火灾燃烧与烟流动态特性及控制方法等一些关键科学问题还急需解决。.本项目以超高海拔公路隧道为研究对象，拟采用理论分析、多组分浓度分布数值模拟和移动模型隧道火灾试验相结合的研究手段，对“三低”环境特征下海拔高度、燃烧材质、火灾规模和通风条件对火灾燃烧与烟流动态特性的影响开展深入研究和分析，基于此提出合理有效的火灾烟气控制方法。研究具有非常重要的理论价值和显著的工程应用背景。.通过本项目的研究，建立超高海拔公路隧道火灾规模计算方法，确定火灾燃烧烟气基本特征，掌握烟流动态特性，提出烟气温度纵向分布和烟气控制临界风速数学模型。为超高海拔公路隧道疏散工程设计和防灾通风系统设计提供科学依据。

本项目完成的工作和取得的成果如下：（1）搭建了模型隧道火灾试验平台并完成了超高海拔和平原地区公路隧道火灾燃烧特性试验；（2）掌握了不同海拔高度对公路隧道火灾燃烧特性的影响；（3）揭示了超高海拔公路隧道火灾烟流和温度分布特性；（4）提出了超高海拔公路隧道火灾烟气控制方法；（5）已发表15篇论文，其中SCI论文5篇，EI论文3篇，授权专利3项。项目取得了预期的成果。