我国廊道遗产空间结构与功能协同演化研究——以“茶马古道”为例

In recent years, corridor heritages in China have been paid more and more attention by whole society. This is a novel socio-cultural phenomenon that China, with rising national strength and people keep wealth, are seeking great power status in the mental realm which matches its political and economic status. Also, this is China's choose on the road of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation. Corridor heritage is a concept of localization set up by this author, which combines the cultural routes idea of Europe and greenway, scenic road and heritage corridor practice of America, and considers the current situation of trans-regional heritages in China.Corridor heritage plays a very important role in culture, politics, economy, education and ecology, either in history or reality. There are several typical corridor heritages in China now, including Silk Road, Tea-horse Ancient Road, Beijing-hangzhou Grand Canal, Three Gorges on the Yangtze River, and etc.It is a new topic that study on co-evolution of spatial structure and functions of corridor heritages from geographic theories and methods, and this is a way just worth taking to solve problem of heritage protection and exploration. In this study, the general rule of corridor heritages' spatial structure change will be found out and co-evolutionary mechanism of spatial structure and functions will be proved. Based on the above research, the future functions, spatial structure and the measures for corridor heritage protection and development will be clear. Taking "Tea-horse Ancient Road" as an example help to learn about that the co-evolution of spatial structure and functions has great impacts on ethnic culture, regional economy and eco-environment in southwest China. And also, this study could provide countermeasures and suggestions for protection and development of "Tea-horse Ancient Road". The proposed research methods in this study mainly include: model analysis; questionnaire survey; SPSS analytic method; systematic analysis method and comparative analysis method. Empirical research and comprehensive analysis methods are the major guarantee of scientific conclusion.

近年，在中华民族复兴背景之下，我国廊道遗产受到全社会普遍关注，这是精神领域寻求与大国地位相匹配的文化诀择。在发展的同时，我国典型的廊道遗产，如丝绸之路、茶马古道、京杭大运河、长江三峡等均面临着保护与开发的深刻矛盾。依照地理学的理论和方法，对廊道遗产空间和功能的关系及其协调演化机制进行研究仍然是一个较新的课题，也是试图破解上述矛盾值得尝试的途径。本研究探寻廊道遗产空间结构变化的一般规律，探索空间与功能的协同演化机理，进而把握廊道遗产现代功能和空间结构的未来变化趋势，明确廊道遗产保护和开发方向。以"茶马古道"为例，把握廊道遗产空间结构与功能的协同发展对于我国西南地区民族文化、区域经济和生态环境的深刻影响，同时在实践层面为"茶马古道"的保护性开发提供对策建议和参考。本研究拟采用模型分析法、问卷调查法、SPSS回归分析法、系统分析与比较分析法等，实证研究和综合性研究方法是研究结论科学性的重要保障。

廊道遗产是跨越时空的遗产巨系统，近年来在廊道遗产现代复兴过程中，因其展示出了强大而广泛的现实功能，越来越受到全社会关注。尤其“一带一路”国家战略提出以后，学者们对廊道遗产在政治、经济、文化、社会等领域的价值多有研究，但廊道遗产的空间结构与功能研究较为缺乏。从空间与功能协同发展视角出发，探究廊道遗产空间结构演化的一般规律将有助于把握其发展轨迹和功能演进，有助于对其进行科学保护与合理利用。.本课题研究的主要内容涵盖四个方面：①理论研究：廊道遗产基础理论研究。包括廊道遗产的概念、内涵、理论源流、评定标准、空间要素、功能演变、生命周期、动力机制、保护模式、开发策略等。②扩展研究：廊道遗产相关理论与现象研究。绿道、遗产廊道、遗产区域、文化线路、线性文化遗产等概念比较与文献综述；跨区域、跨国界、城市内部廊道遗产的发展模式。③主要案例研究：茶马古道空间与功能研究。茶马古道研究从区域上分为两个部分，一是云南省内茶马古道的研究，二是川滇藏茶马古道研究。从研究内容上划分为，空间结构研究、生命周期研究、动力机制研究、保护与开发关系研究等。④其他案例研究：国内外多条廊道遗产、文化线路、绿道、跨境旅游廊道研究。包括丝绸之路、京杭大运河、川黔古道、徽杭古道、三峡廊道、新安江廊道、北京中轴线、昆玉河、三山五园绿道等。.主要研究进展、结论、意义与前景：①初步建立了我国廊道遗产理论体系，并探讨廊道遗产作为一个主要遗产类别为我国争取国际遗产话语权问题。②深刻理解廊道遗产空间结构与功能协同演化问题，对未来廊道遗产空间格局走向、功能变迁有较为充分的研判。③深入剖析廊道遗产旅游发展中面临的保护与利用矛盾，对纾解矛盾、促进发展提出应对措施。④探索性研究跨境廊道。在“一带一路”国家战略背景下，分析廊道遗产和跨境廊道在国家身份认同、民族精神认同、睦邻外交、经贸往来、文化交流、边疆稳定等方面的巨大价值。