中尼古道沿线塔庙建筑研究：以加德满都—吉隆路段为例

The Trans-Himalayan Silk Roads have long served as passages connecting the two powerful civilizations of the ancient the world, China and India, whose architectural cultures met and merged there. Along the Kathmandu-Gyirong section of the Trans-Himalayan Silk Roads, tiered temples of distinctive features are found across the border region between the modern nations of China and Nepal, witnessing the transmission and transformation of architectural traditions along travel routes that cut across different cultural and geographical zones. However, the valuable architectural heritage of this region has largely escaped attention. This study builds on a comprehensive review of the primary and secondary sources concerning the Trans-Himalayan Silk Roads, proposing field investigations and detailed measuring surveys that systematically organize the available information of extant cases of tiered temples of this region. Drawing from multidisciplinary methodologies in the fields of architecture, art history and religious studies, this project aims to first clarify the formal characteristics of the tiered temples in a region of competing cultural influences, and secondly, to investigate their underlying principles of design as well as technologies of construction. Taking into account the icons, furniture and ritual instruments of the temples, the study also discusses the monastic culture and religious landscape of the Trans-Himalayan Silk Roads. Overall, the proposed study hopes to add a missing piece to the nexus of architectural exchanges across the Asia continent, and to contribute to the cross-cultural dialogues between different countries and regions within the Belt and Road Initiative.

中尼古道作为直接连通南亚与东亚地区的门户，来自中国、印度这两大古老文明的建筑文化与艺术长期在这里触碰、融合，其中加德满都—吉隆路段沿线跨越中尼两国边境的区域内，分布着具有共同特点的重檐塔庙建筑，是建筑传统跨越不同文化地区、沿古代交通路线传播及流变现象的一个缩影，具有重要的价值，但长期以来缺乏系统的研究。本课题将回顾国内外相关文献和已有成果，并结合实地调研和精细测绘，全面梳理中尼古道沿线塔庙建筑案例，进而综合运用建筑学、艺术史、宗教学等多学科的研究方法，廓清中尼文化交融区域下的塔庙形制面貌，揭示建筑遗存所反映的古代建筑设计理念和建造技术，并结合像设、装修、仪轨等方面，探讨中尼古道沿途所呈现的的寺庙文化与信仰空间，由此完善亚洲视野之下建筑历史研究的学科框架，同时也为促进一带一路不同国家与文化之间的沟通理解做出贡献。

中尼古道作为直接连通南亚与东亚地区的门户，来自中国、印度这两大古老文明的建筑文化与艺术长期在这里触碰、融合，其中加德满都—吉隆路段沿线跨越中尼两国边境的区域内，分布着具有共同特点的重檐塔庙建筑，是建筑传统跨越不同文化地区、沿古代交通路线传播及流变现象的一个缩影，具有重要的价值，但长期以来缺乏系统的研究。本课题回顾国内外相关文献和已有成果，并结合实地调研和精细测绘，全面梳理中尼古道沿线塔庙建筑案例，形成近150张测绘图纸、6份案例研究报告等基础资料，进而综合运用建筑学、艺术史、宗教学等多学科的方法，初步廓清中尼古道加德满都—吉隆沿线建筑建造体系，同时，还从遗产保护体系、遗产修缮分析、遗产保护话语、活态遗产保护等等方面深入分析相关材料，目前已形成4篇期刊论文、2篇硕士研究生学位论文等研究成果，初步完善亚洲视野之下建筑历史研究的学科框架。此外，本课题累计培养本科生、研究生共44人，而基于本课题建立起的中尼国际学术交流合作，也为促进一带一路不同国家与文化之间的沟通理解做出贡献。