川藏“茶马古道”文化线路上的传统聚落与建筑研究

The ancient tea route between Sichuan and Tibet is absolutely a cultural route heritage with particular regional, historical and cultural significance and historical value. It is a "living" corridor in Southwest China with well preserved original culture, rich physical and intangible heritage sites, which still plays a great role in the regional cultural and economic development. In recent years, researches related to the route are active in fields of history and theory of architecture and heritage conservation. The research starts from "cultural route" and studies on town settlements and architectural history will be focused on "the trading and migration path and unique living and production ways, and the 'dynamic' impact of the history of national and cultural exchanges to the relationship between man and the land." Emphases will be laid on the transforming process of the traditional settlements and architectural heritage along the cultural route and its presentation. The "rich and evolving" features of the traditional buildings will be studied so as to clarify the development of the regional architecture and enrich the researches to the Southwest China. With the fundamental research results, the project will discuss strategies and technology of heritage integrated conservation adaptive to the natural and cultural environments of the ancient tea route between Sichuan and Tibet.

川藏"茶马古道"是一处具有特定地域涵义和历史文化内涵的文化线路遗产，具有重要历史价值；同时它还是迄今我国西南地区文化原生形态保留较好，物质与非物质遗存十分丰富，在地区经济文化发展中仍然发挥着作用的"活态"文化廊道。近年来相关研究已经成为建筑历史理论和遗产保护领域探讨的热点。本课题以"文化线路"为契入点，将城镇聚落与建筑史研究聚焦于"商贸移民通道和独特的生产生活方式及其民族文化交融历史对人地关系'动态'的影响"，重点揭示文化线路上传统聚落与建筑文化遗产形态的变迁过程和表现形态；总结川西地区传统民居、宗教寺院建筑和商贸建筑中所表现出来的"丰富性与过渡性"特征，从而在一定程度上阐明这些地区民族建筑发展的规律，拓展和丰富西南地区城镇与建筑史研究。进而结合基础研究成果，探讨与川藏"茶马古道"文化线路自然生态环境和文化生态环境相适应的遗产整体性保护与传承策略和技术方法。

川藏茶马古道是迄今西南地区文化原生形态保留较好，遗存非常丰富，在地区经济文化发展中仍发挥重要作用的“活态”文化廊道，具有重大研究价值。本研究从既定研究目标出发，从田野数据采集入手，史料分析为支撑，以“时间-空间”两个维度为切入点，明确了茶马古道形成历史、路线网络和现状分布。以《文化线路宪章》精神为依托，阐释了茶马古道作为文化线路遗产的价值体系和文化特征，为申遗工作和学术研究建立规范概念。完成了川藏茶马古道沿线“聚落形成、发展历史与地理空间分布、生态学视野下的沿线聚落文化生成机理以及典型城镇空间形态历史演变特征”等专项研究。建立了以文化融合为视角的沿线藏族住宅建筑、宗教建筑的研究技术策略，分析得出了本地区民族建筑多元文化特征的基本表现形态和发展演变规律，尤其对四川边地藏区建筑受汉地文化影响的状况进行了详细分析。针对文化线路遗产，提出利用GIS技术的整体性保护思路与技术策略。