Although hyperactivation of mTOR signaling pathway frequently occurs in osteosarcoma (OS) , the underlying mechanisms that cause OS carcinogenesis as a result of activated mTOR are less elucidated. MEG3 gene encodes a lncRNA that functions as a tumor suppressor. The expression of MEG3 is tightly controlled by the positive regulator–transcription factor CREB1 and the negative regulator–the differentially methylated regions that are located upstream of the gene. MEG3 is underexpressed in OS. However, it is still unclear how MEG3 is downregulated and what role it plays in OS. Recently, we found that mTOR is a positive regulator of CREB1, but a negative regulator of MEG3. Furthermore, mTOR hyperactivation leads to upregulation of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B mRNA expression. Since the CRE sequence located in the promoter of MEG3 gene contains a CpG dinuleotide, we hypothesize that mTOR hyperactivation leads to downregulation of MEG3 via DNMT-mediated hypermethylation of MEG3 gene promoter, which prevents hyperactivated CREB1 from binding to the CRE sequence. This is the possible underlying mechanism by which mTOR hyperactivation promotes OS carcinogenesis. In our study, we intend to explore the molecular mechanism of mTOR regulation of MEG3, and their roles in the pathogenesis of OS by the use of mTOR hyperactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human OS cell lines. We believe that our work may provide an important reference value for the early diagnosis, gene therapy and drug development of OS.
mTOR过度活化在骨肉瘤(OS)发生中常见,而其导致OS发生的作用机制尚不明确。MEG3是具有肿瘤抑制功能的lncRNA,其表达主要受转录因子CREB1正向和DNA甲基化负向调节。研究发现,MEG3在OS中表达降低,然而其在OS中表达降低的机制及作用尚不清楚。申请者前期工作发现,mTOR正向调节CREB1转录活性,相反,却负向调控MEG3表达;同时,发现mTOR能够上调催化DNA甲基化的DNMT表达。鉴于MEG3基因启动子上的CREB1结合元件存在DNA甲基化位点,推测mTOR通过DNMT使MEG3基因启动子超甲基化,阻遏CREB1与MEG3启动子结合,导致MEG3表达降低,进而参与OS发生。本研究拟以mTOR功能亢进的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞以及人OS细胞为研究对象,明确mTOR调控MEG3表达的分子机制及该信号通路异常在OS发生中的作用,有望为OS早期诊断、基因治疗和药物开发提供新靶点。
mTOR过度活化在骨肉瘤(osteosarcoma,OS)发生中常见,而其导致OS发生的作用机制尚不明确。母系表达基因3(maternally expressed gene 3,MEG3)是首个被发现具有抑癌基因功能的的长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs)。研究发现, MEG3在OS等多种类型肿瘤和癌细胞系中表达降低或缺失。然而,目前为止对于MEG3基因表达调控机制以及其分子作用机制尚不是非常清楚。本研究拟以mTOR功能亢进的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞以及人OS细胞为研究对象,明确MEG3表达调控的分子机制及该信号通路异常在OS发生中的作用及分子机制,有望为包括OS在内的多种肿瘤早期诊断、基因 治疗和药物开发提供新靶点。本研究发现抑癌基因TSC2或PTEN缺失能够下调MEG3基因的表达,利用雷帕霉素抑制mTOR活性能够部分地但显著地上调MEG3基因的表达。此外,我们发现在mTOR过度活化细胞中mTOR调控MEG3表达的机制是甲基化非依赖的。我们利用组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA能够显著地上调MEG3基因的表达,MEG3表达水平呈时间依赖性上升。过表达野生型MEG3基因,而非缺失突变型MEG3基因,能够显著抑制mTOR过度活化细胞tsc2-/-的体外增殖能力。进一步,我们利用全基因组表达谱芯片对野生型MEG3基因过表达细胞及其对照细胞进行基因表达谱分析,发现NRF2介导的氧化应激反应通路受到MEG3基因过表达的抑制性调控。我们同时发现MEG3能够正向或负向调控与增殖、侵袭与药物抵抗的多个分子包括Cebpd、Bmp2、Cth、Ctgf、Slc7a11 以及lncRNA Snhg12的表达。综上,我们首次发现抑癌基因TSC2或PTEN调控MEG3基因的表达是通过mTOR依赖和非依赖的方式进行;同时阐明了MEG3基因下游的可能的分子调控机制。我们建议通过激活MEG3基因表达能够应用于PTEN/TSC1/2/mTOR信号通路过度活化引起的肿瘤的治疗。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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