变革情境下的组织记忆水平/过程对组织绩效影响机理研究：基于学习二元性的视角

Under an increasingly complex and fast changing environment, firms are facing new challenge, only by conducting a sustainable organizational change, can firms survive and flourish, or we can say organizational change has not only been a normal state of firms but also a necessary way to grow sustainably for firms. The research of organizational change has now undergoing a shift from "outside" to "inside", and the present researching trend of bettering the performance of organizational change is from the perspective of the micro-level of knowledge and cognition. Among those research issues, one of the important challenges is to resolve the relationship of change and past, namely, the relationship of organizational memory and organizational change. How to comprehend the old memory in organization? How to explicate the effects of organizational memory on organizational change? How to construct a theoretical model to better organizational performance? All the above-mentioned issues are lack of systematic theoretical and empirical analyze. Previous research not only pays little attention to organizational memory, but also oversimplifies the relationship of organizational memory and organizational change. Based on this, this project, attempting to deconstruct organizational memory from the perspective of "construction-process", and introducing a mediator of "Learning of Ambidexterity", systematically analyzing the affecting mechanism of organizational memory on the performance of organizational change by the intervening variable of organizational learning mode and finally the project constructs a theoretical model and carries out empirical research by using some scientific research method of case study and large-sample survey. This research, on one side makes the connotation and measurement of organizational memory clearer, and on the other side constructs the relationship of organizational memory, organizational learning and organizational change, making up for the shortness of isolated studies, which will positively promote the development of theory and practice.

关于组织变革的研究近年来正在从"外部观"向"内部观"转变，立足知识和认知等微观层面去改善变革绩效成为研究趋势。其中，一个重要挑战就是处理变革与过去的联系，即组织记忆和组织变革的关系。如何理解组织变革的已有知识记忆？组织记忆对变革的影响机理如何实现？如何构建二者关系模型并改善组织绩效？对这些问题仍缺乏系统的理论及实证研究。以往研究不仅对组织记忆剖析的不够深入，而且简单化组织记忆和组织变革的关系。基于此，本课题拟从"结构-过程"角度来解构组织记忆，并从认知和知识视角，引入"学习二元性"这一中介变量，综合运用多种研究方法，系统探讨组织记忆藉由不同学习方式影响组织变革绩效机制，最终构建科学模型进行实证检验。本课题一方面清晰化了组织记忆的构念内涵和测量，另一方面使组织记忆、组织学习和组织变革理论之间实现有效联结，弥补了原有孤立研究的不足，无论对这些理论的发展抑或实践指导都将起到积极的推动作用。

本课题的总体研究目标是，在组织变革、组织记忆研究以及March（1991）等学者的学习二元性等研究基础上，在理论和实证上回答一个极其重要的问题：如何利用不同学习方式改善组织记忆对组织变革的绩效影响？这正是本研究的核心目标。.针对这一核心目标，本课题拟引入“学习二元性”（探索式学习/利用式学习）探讨组织记忆对组织变革的绩效影响机理并进行实证检验，进一步具体回答以下几个主要问题：（1）如何按照“结构—过程”维度从组织记忆水平和组织记忆过程来理解和剖析组织记忆这一构念的复杂性？（2）组织记忆水平和组织记忆过程在影响组织变革的路径上有何差异？（3）学习二元性在组织记忆和组织变革的关系中起着何种作用？（4）如何建构关于组织记忆、学习二元性和组织变革的整体关系模型并实证检验对组织绩效的影响？.本项目组通过对中国企业的大样本问卷调查和实地调研访谈，形成了完整的研究报告和多篇学术论文。一方面对组织记忆这一复杂构念进行了剖析，不仅提出了具体的操作性定义，而且开发了组织记忆过程的测量量表；另一方面重新认识了变革情境下二元式组织学习对组织绩效的影响关系，挖掘了二者复杂关系背后的多个影响变量；最后，使组织记忆、组织学习和组织变革理论之间实现有效联结，弥补了原有孤立研究的不足，无论对这些理论的发展抑或实践指导都将起到积极的推动作用。.本课题的研究成果发表在《国外社会科学》、《管理世界》、《财经问题研究》等国家级重要期刊上，在科学出版社等国家级出版社出版专著2部，获得学术奖励6项，多数成果获得了学界的好评，完成原预期成果。本课题成果有助于拓展组织记忆和组织学习理论的研究范围和研究深度，同时，本课题的研究将有助于深入理解当前企业变革实践中的迫切难题，为提高企业特别是中国企业在转型经济中的变革成功率提供助益。