冷喷涂纳米自润滑耐磨涂层的设计及其宽温域多循环自适应机制研究

Research in high-temperature lubrication and wear-resistant materials is significant to solve the high temperature lubrication problem in the areas of aerospace and equipment manufacturing industry. The present project introduces the cold spraying technology, design strategy of nano materials and adaptive lubrication concept into wide temperature lubrication coating. We aim to research and develop a kind of wide temperature range self lubricating nano composite coatings by the cold spraying technology, and the coatings can be used repeatedly under alternating high and low temperature environment (room temperature~1000℃). In more detail, the repeated using under alternating high and low temperature environment of the coatings will be researched with composition designing, structure optimization, deposition parameters control. The friction and wear behaviors of the coatings at different temperatures will be investigated, and interaction among the coating’s elements as well as physical and chemical effects of the friction surface, will be revealed. The design principles of the wide temperature range self-lubricating nano composite coatings composition and structure used under alternating high and low temperature environment, as well as the control methods of preparation technology will be put forward. We expect the following significant beneficial results from this proposal: (1) development of the theoretical foundation in advanced high-temperature self-lubricating composite coatings; (2) development of the corresponding technical support for solving practical application problems of lubricating coatings in many severe conditions.

高温润滑材料研究对解决航空航天和装备制造等领域的高温润滑难题具有重大的理论意义和应用价值。本项目将新兴的冷喷涂技术、纳米材料设计思想和“自适应”润滑理念共同引入高温自润滑涂层领域。采用冷喷涂技术，研究和发展适用于室温~1000℃高低温交变环境下可循环使用的纳米复合宽温域自润滑耐磨涂层。通过成分设计、结构优化、喷涂参数控制等手段，解决高低温交变环境下宽温域自润滑涂层的循环使用问题；研究高低温交变环境下磨损表面的结构形貌特征、成分、相组成；揭示温度变化及摩擦过程中涂层各元素之间的相互作用规律以及摩擦表面的物理化学本质，提出适合在高低温交变环境下使用的冷喷涂纳米宽温域自润滑涂层的设计原则和制备工艺控制方法。本项目的实施将丰富高温摩擦学基础和理论知识，发展我国先进的高温自润滑复合材料，为服役于高温、高速、高载等苛刻工况条件的自润滑耐磨涂层设计提供理论依据和技术支撑。

宽温域自润滑涂层的制备和应用是一项具有竞争力的摩擦学表面工程技术，也是解决航空发动机等高新技术装备在高温环境中润滑与耐磨问题的一个有效途径。本项目采用冷喷涂技术和高能球磨技术制备了适用于室温~1000℃条件下的纳米复合宽温域自润滑耐磨涂层。开展了冷喷涂纳米自润滑耐磨涂层的可控制备，涂层高温环境中的结构与性能演变规律，自润滑耐磨涂层的摩擦学性能研究。通过高能球磨方法制备了具有较好可喷涂性能的纳米结构In625-Cr2O3-Ag喷涂喂料粉末，进而，通过冷喷涂技术，在优化工艺参数的基础上，制备了结构致密、组分均匀分布的纳米结构宽温域自润滑涂层。同时，通过涂层/基体界面结构设计可以实现高结合强度涂层制备。所制备的冷喷涂纳米涂层具有优异的宽温域自润滑性能，在室温~1000℃的宽温域范围内摩擦系数在0.3左右，磨损率在10-5 mm3/N·m或10-6 mm3/N·m量级。另外，纳米涂层呈现较好高温结构稳定性，经1000℃热处理50h后，纳米涂层外观未出现明显破坏现象，明显高于传统微米结构涂层的高温稳定性。阐明了冷喷涂纳米结构涂层高温结构稳定性的改善机理及涂层的宽温域条件下的“自适应”润滑机制。本项目的研究结果将促进宽温域自润滑涂层的结构功能一体化研制，为宽温域自润滑涂层在航空航天、特种车辆、模具等行业中的高温部件上的工程化应用提供理论和实践指导。