中小型风力发电系统的功率控制与动态载荷抑制研究

It is proved to be more important to develop the small- and medium-scale wind energy conversion system (WECS) rather than the large-scale ones to support the developing of distributed generation and micro-grids as well as to meet the electricity needs of the people in remote areas. Thus, the main research goal of this program is to lead a deep analysis on the power control and dynamic load reduction techniques on small- and medium-scale WECS, including:(1) Researching on a novel power-feedback maximum-power-point-tracking (MPPT) control method with independent optimization ability; (2) Conducting a quantitative analysis on the MPPT speed and find the essential impact factors that affect the tracking speed. The standardized design theory to make the tracking bandwidth constant is further proposed and analyzed to make the MPPT system designing procedure systematic; (3) Analysis on the stability compensation method at excessive wind velocities; (4) Dynamic load reduction technologies. With the help of the research results, not only the improved power quality can be obtained, but also the service life of the system can be greatly increased resulting from the reduced fatigue stress. The research findings are not only constrained in small- and medium-scale WECS, they can also be extended to large-scale WECS.

相对于大型风力发电机组，中小型机组在分布式发电、智能微电网以及解决偏远地区的用电需求等场合表现出更为重要的作用和价值。课题以中小型风力发电机组为研究对象，重点对其功率优化控制策略和动态载荷抑制方法两个密切联系的内容展开探索和研究。主要包括：(1)一种具备自主寻优能力的新型功率反馈MPPT控制策略及其设计理论；(2)最大功率跟踪速度的定量分析及影响跟踪速度的内在因素探索、保持跟踪速度恒定的MPPT策略及其标准化设计理论；(3)适用于变速定桨机组在高风速区的功率限制方法及系统稳定性研究，为高性能控制环路的分析和优化设计提供理论依据；(4)气动载荷、瞬态载荷等动态载荷的抑制方法。研究成果不仅可以全面降低机组的疲劳应力，提高可靠性和发电效率，延长使用寿命，改善输出电能质量，而且对大型风力发电机组也具有一定的适用性和指导意义。

中小型风力发电机组在分布式发电、智能微电网以及解决偏远地区用电需求等场合表现出了重要作用和良好的应用前景。本文以中小型风力发电机组为研究对象，重点对其功率优化控制策略和动态载荷抑制方法两个密切联系的内容展开探索和研究。论文的主要研究内容和成果概述如下：.1．建立了风力发电机组的两质量块数学模型，为风力发电系统气动载荷以及固有谐振机理的研究奠定理论基础；.2．研究了一种具备自主寻优能力的功率反馈MPPT 控制策略及其设计理论，定量分析了最大功率跟踪速度及影响跟踪速度的内在因素，提出了一种恒带宽MPPT策略设计理论；.3．对机组各类载荷的抑制策略进行深入的分析，尤其是针对气动载荷，提出了有源阻尼注入的控制方法，使机组的气动载荷得到了大大的衰减，同时使机组的谐振状态也得到了有效地抑制。.本课题的研究成果不仅可以全面降低机组的疲劳应力，提高可靠性和发电效率，延长使用寿命，改善输出电能质量，而且对大型风力发电机组也具有一定的适用性和指导意义。